Linux on the Sun JavaStation NC HOWTO Robert S. Dubinski 2000-Apr-25 This is a HOWTO document describing how to enable the GNU/Linux OS on the Sun JavaStation NC. _________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents [1]META Information [2]The Purpose of this Document [3]Acknowledgments [4]Document Contributors [5]History of this document [6]Document Copyright and Licenses [7]Location of the Latest Version and Source [8]What is a JavaStation? [9]What is a JavaStation NC? [10]Definition of an NC including the Differentiation from PC's [11]Description of the JavaStation Model Line including Hardware Specs [12]Reasons for Running Linux and NC Myths Dispelled [13]Why JavaStations are No Longer Produced [14]Where to Purchase a JavaStation [15]Background Requirements for Linux on a JavaStation [16]Complete Hardware Requirements [17]Network Service Requirements [18]Understand the JavaStation Boot Sequence [19]Additional Software Requirements: Replacement Firmware (PROLL) [20]Decide on your Filesystem: NFS-Root, or Embedded? [21]Build Your Kernel [22]Before you begin [23]Make sure you use 32-bit mode [24]Supported Linux Kernel Versions [25]Required Kernel Configuration Options [26]Necessary Patch for "Embedded-Root" FS Configurations [27]Build the JavaStation-Ready Kernel [28]JavaStation-Ready Kernel Images and ".config" File Samples [29]Build A JavaStation-Ready FileSystem [30]Preparing Yourself to Build Your Own Filesystem [31]Contents of the "/etc/fstab" File [32]The "Embedded-Root" Image Creation Procedure [33]Sample FileSystems [34]Set up Your Server [35]Preface [36]Setting up the RARP service [37]Setting up the DHCP service [38]Set up NFS service ("NFS-Root Options" Only) [39]Setting up for Boot with TFTP [40]The Last Configuration Step [41]Troubleshooting [42]When booting, the message "The file just loaded does not appear to be executable." Why? [43]Cannot Boot an "Embedded-Root" image > 10 MB on my JavaStation. Why? [44]After Booting, Typing Anything Yields Garbage Characters. Why? [45]In X Sessions to a Solaris server, the font server "xfs" crashes. Why? [46]Performing Indirect XDMCP to a Solaris Server Results in Session Login Failures. Why? [47]Answers to Miscellaneous Questions [48]Regarding RARP: Is it Needed or Not? [49]Can One Use the Smart Card Reader on the Espresso models? [50]Can One Use the Solaris DHCP server instead of ISC? [51]Can One Pass Arguments to "/sbin/init" in a Diskless Boot like This? [52]Enabling X on the JavaStation [53]Is There Mailing List Help? [54]Are There Alternate Help Sources Available? [55]Unanswered Questions [56]Does "Piggyback" work for the x86 too? [57]Where Can One Find Espressos for Sale? [58]Do Tools Exist to Configure Net Boot Entries Quickly? [59]Appendix [60]Mr. Coffee Jumper Info [61]Krups Jumper Info [62]JavaStation Photo Gallery META Information This chapter lists the meta-information of this document. The hows, whys, location and changes to the structure of the document are documented here. The main content begins in the next chapter. _________________________________________________________________ The Purpose of this Document This document is to serve as a comprehensive HOWTO and FAQ collection regarding the Sun JavaStation NC and enabling the GNU/Linux OS on it. The intended audience of this document is anyone who has an interest in enabling Linux on the Sun JavaStations. The document structure is laid out to serve as either a top-to-bottom read for a newcomer, or as quick reference on a single topic for advanced users. Pointers to sample files submitted by users are included for extremely hurried readers. The author of this document is Robert Dubinski <[63]dubinski@mscs.mu.edu>, Computer Technician and UNIX systems administrator for [64]Marquette University's [65]Math, Statistics and Computer Science Department. In the MU MSCS department, 125 JavaStations are currently running Linux, configured using the information, techniques and files presented in this document. In early 1999, Eric Brower <[66]ebrower@mscs.mu.edu> wrote the first informal HOWTO for the JavaStation. Parts of this document are inspired by his work, and all unique information presented there have since been merged into this document. This HOWTO also aims to serve as a member document of the Linux Documentation Project. The LDP can be reached at: [67]http://www.linuxdoc.org _________________________________________________________________ Acknowledgments Enabling Linux on the JavaStations, and allowing this HOWTO to come to be would never have been possible without the fine work of the following people: * Pete Zaitcev <[68]zaitcev@metabyte.com> (JavaStation kernel mod author) * Eric Brower <[69]ebrower@usa.net> (XFree mods and author of the original embedded-build HOWTO) * Varol Kaptan <[70]varol@ulakbim.gov.tr> (made available his Krups images and patches. Backported kernel support to 2.2.x series) * David Miller <[71]davem@redhat.com> (the original Linux/SPARC kernel porter) * The Linux/SPARC kernel porters and mailing list * The thousands of contributors to the Linux kernel The HOWTO author wishes to give a second thank-you to Pete and Eric for their work: Pete got me going with Linux on the JavaStation in December 1998, has been the main kernel programmer adding in support for the JavaStation line, and despite his busy work schedule was nice enough to find time to answer all my email queries for help over the last 15 months. Eric worked on bringing X support to the JavaStation when it had none. He had been working on a dedicated server for the JavaStation in early 1999, and kept me informed of his progress. In mid-1999, he switched tactics and sent a working framebuffer example to test out. He also wrote the first comprehensive mini-HOWTO for the JavaStations, answered my email questions, and got me interested in the embedded solution which I employ here at Marquette. Thank-you Pete and Eric! --Robert Dubinski _________________________________________________________________ Document Contributors The following people have contributed to this specific document: * Pete Zaitcev <[72]zaitcev@metabyte.com> (Proofreading and factual corrections of initial drafts) * Magdalena Wodzinska <[73]magdalena.wodzinska@marquette.edu> (Proofreading and document layout suggestions) _________________________________________________________________ History of this document Revision History Revision 1.01 25 Apr 2000 "Brown Paper Bag" Revision. Revision 1.0 24 Apr 2000 First submission to the LDP. Revision 0.9 18 Apr 2000 Continued reorganization and final merges. Revision 0.7 15 Apr 2000 Migration from LinuxDoc DTD to Docbook DTD. Revision 0.71 14 Apr 2000 Received word doc was forwarded inside Sun. Revision 0.7 14 Apr 2000 Linked on Pete Zaitcev's Website. Revision 0.6 9 Apr 2000 First semi-public release. Revision 0.4 24 Mar 2000 First move to comprehensive HOWTO. Revision 0.2 15 Oct 1999 More notes collected and merged. Revision 0.1 24 Jun 1999 Initial scraps put together. _________________________________________________________________ Document Copyright and Licenses This particular document and its source as a whole is Copyright 1999-2000, Robert Dubinski <[74]dubinski@mscs.mu.edu>. You may mirror or redistribute this document as a whole or in part for either public or commercial purposes provided the following: 1) you do not make any modifications to this work , 2) retain this license information and author copyright section, even when redistributing just a part of this document, and 3) include acknowledgement of where this document as a whole may be obtained . This ensures that any comments written by the document author do not get taken out of context or modified incorrectly, acknowledges the work of the author, allows for inclusion in commercial projects, and points readers to where they may find potentially updated versions of the information presented. The document author makes no warranties that all the information presented here is completely accurate, and cannot be held liable to any loss you experience as a result of the information you use from here. Best efforts have been made to ensure everything included is accurate as of the publication date listed at the beginning of this document, but there is always a possibility something may be wrong. In this case, doublecheck with alternative sources first before considering implementing anything at a production-level. If you find something wrong, drop the author a line at <[75]dubinski@mscs.mu.edu> or send me a patch to the document source, and corrections will be made immediately. In the future, this document may be re-released under the Open Content or other Free Document license, but for now all Open Documentation licenses are currently being investigated by the author. If you have comments into this legal matter, drop the author a line at <[76]dubinski@mscs.mu.edu>. As it stands, the license presented above captures the spirit of the LDP boilerplate license without specifically mentioning it. This document is a member document of the [77]Linux Documentation Project. _________________________________________________________________ Location of the Latest Version and Source The latest online version of this document can be found at: [78]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS . The pre-processed SGML source to this document, written to the Docbook DTD, is available from: [79]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/JavaStation-HOWTO.s gml Copies of this document are also available from the Linux Documentation Project at: [80]http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/JavaStation-HOWTO. _________________________________________________________________ What is a JavaStation? This chapter explains to the reader what the JavaStation line is, its components, NC concepts, how to get one, and why one would choose the Linux OS for it. _________________________________________________________________ What is a JavaStation NC? The JavaStation NC is a model line of network computers built and sold by [81]Sun Microsystems between November 1996 and March 2000. The JavaStation line was Sun's low-cost terminal option during that timeframe. The JavaStation hardware ran Sun's own JavaOS and either Sun's Hotjava web browser, Sun's HotJava Views task-manager software, or custom Java applications of the customer's choice. The JavaStation was originally billed in November 1996 sneak previews as a low-cost desktop terminal, providing customers access to hot new Java applications, "legacy" X applications, and "legacy" MS Windows apps. During its lifetime, The JavaStation's marketed functionality was changed twice from "desktop terminal" to "single-app desktop device" to finally a "browser-based kiosk device". At no time did Sun market the JavaStation as capable of running its flagship [82]Solaris operating system or the [83]Linux OS. _________________________________________________________________ Definition of an NC including the Differentiation from PC's A network computer, or NC, was hailed as "the next big thing" in computing from late 1995 to early 1998. Conventional PC's, called "fat clients", were expected to be minimized in businesses by thin-client NC's. Thin-clients get their OS, applications, and data files entirely through the network. They are different from dumb-terminals; they run full-scale graphical applications. Thin-clients are also different than graphical X-terminals. X-terminals typically run an X server and display the client programs of a remote server. Thin clients generally run full-scale graphical programs locally, such as a web browser, a Java application, or a "legacy-connectivity program", which enables the thin-client to display X apps or MS Windows apps which run on more powerful servers. Advantages of NC's include: * "Zero-Administration". (Add a new NC and it will get everything it needs off the network, without an admin ever needing to visit it.) * Lower Total-Cost-of-Ownership (TCO) (No internal hard drives, floppy drives or CD players reduces form-factor, repair expenses, selling price and thus total-cost-of-ownership.) * Access to all web-based apps as well as "legacy" X and MS Windows apps. * Quick upgrades (just upgrade your server and the changes propogate throughout) * Longer lifespan (just upgrade the software, growing hard disk and memory requirements is not an issue) * Smaller OS footprint (when running brower-based apps) Disadvantages of NC's: * No local access to data files (all your files stored on a remote server) * Requires fast, stable networks _________________________________________________________________ Description of the JavaStation Model Line including Hardware Specs Depending on who you talk to, the number of JavaStation models that were created is anywhere from one to six. The descriptions below will explain why. _________________________________________________________________ JavaStation-1 [ "Mr. Coffee"] ["the brick"] [Sun Option No. JJ-xx] This model is the most prevalent JavaStation model you are likely to find, although it wasn't the one and only JavaStation model Sun wished to sell to the public. The JavaStation-1 was the first generation JavaStation, released in November 1996 to pilot deployments as Sun's "proof of concept" of the Java NC design. Hardware-wise, the JavaStation-1 is a Sun4M architecture machine. It is based on the SPARCStation-4 design, with some deletions and PC-like modifications. It is powered by a 100 Mhz MicroSPARC IIe CPU and has no SCSI, internal disks, floppy, CD or expansion slots. The Mr. Coffee motherboard is Sun Part No. 501-3141. Instead of using the Sun-type keyboard and mice, JavaStation-1 uses PC-like PS2 parts instead. One of the original marketing highlights of the JavaStation was that it would use standard PC parts wherever possible to keep overall price down. The "brick" has four PC-like SIMM slots. The SIMMs taken are industry-standard 60ns, 32-bit, 72-pin, 5V fast page SIMMs, installed in pairs. Each slot is capable of holding up to a 16MB SIMM, bringing the maximum total capacity of the unit to 64MB. The "xx" in the Sun Option# of the unit indicated how much memory the unit shipped with. For video display, the JavaStation-1 utilizes the Sun TCX framebuffer, capable of 1024x768@70Hz in 8-bit color. The port connector however, is a standard VGA jack, enabling the user to use standard PC monitors if desired (again, low cost in mind). The on-board audio is a Crystal CS4231 chip, and the network interface is the Sun Lance 10Mbps interface. In addition, the "brick" also came with a 9-pin serial port and 1/8" audio out jack on its back. The JavaStation-1 was fitted into the Sun "unidisk" form factor case, and has been seen in a number of color schemes. JavaStations have been fitted with casings in the white with light blue trim scheme used in Sun workstations, as well as the dark blue-grey "new desktop" scheme. Some say "JavaStation" and have the Java coffee cup logo written on it, others do not. Collectors may wish to collect all case variations. The JavaStation-1 was used in early Sun demos, and sold to pilot sites. When first brought out, the cost to pilot sites was $699US. This was at a time when PC's were still higher than $1000US. By the end of the pilot run, Sun was selling any remaining or used units for $299-$399US, in anticipation for its "real" JavaStation model. See the JavaStation-1 at: [84]http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/mr_coffee_front _view.jpg _________________________________________________________________ JavaStation-NC ["JavaStation-10"] ["Krups"] ["the tower"] ["the percolator"] [ Sun Option No. JK-xx] This model is the second most prevalent JavaStation model you are likely to find. When you talk to industry folks about the "JavaStation", this is typically the model remembered first. Delayed numerous times, the Krups model officially went on sale to the general public Mar. 26, 1998 at the annual JavaOne conference. Though generation two of the JavaStation line, the Krups model was the JavaStation . Sporting a completely different board design than JavaStation-1, Krups establishes what was to be the characteristic JavaStation architecture. Krups is powered by a 110Mhz MicroSPARC IIep chip, (note the 'p'). Its mainboard had the internal addition of a PCI bus, about a year before this standard bus made its well-publicized appearance on the Sun Ultra workstation line. The Krups motherboard is Sun Part no. 501-4267. Krups keeps the PS2 keyboard and PS2 mouse ports from JavaStation-1, keeping in mind the low-cost, interoperable goal of generation 1. With the new board design, came new memory chip sockets. Instead of SIMMs, the "tower" moved to 168-pin DIMMs. DIMMs had begun to make their way from the workstation realm to PC's in the time between generations one and two of the JavaStation line, so it was fitting for Sun to switch to it in anticipation of their status low-cost commodity memory chips. The DIMMs accepted by the "tower" are 168pin, 3.3V unbuffered DIMMs. With two sockets capable of holding a 32MB DIMM each, the Krups has a maximum capacity of 64MB RAM. As with the JavaStation-1, the number "xx" in the Sun option number refers to the amount of memory shipped with the unit. For video display, the JavaStation-NC utilizes the PCI-based IGS C1682 framebuffer, capable of 1280x1024@80Hz in 24-bit "true color". This is a step up from the 8-bit display on JavaStation-1. The port connector remained a standard VGA jack like JavaStation-1, enabling the user to use standard PC monitors if desired. The on-board audio remains a Crystal CS4231 chip like JavaStation-1. The network interface on Krups is the Sun HappyMeal 10/100 Mbps interface, another step up from the original offering of JavaStation-1. The "tower" came with the 9-pin serial port and 1/8" audio out jack as JavaStation-1, but it also added a 1/8" audio-in jack, to do sound recording with. Another addition in the JavaStation-NC is a flash memory chip. This allows one to load the current revision of the OS onboard, increasing boot-speed tremendously. Perhaps the thing most memorable about the JavaStation-NC is its case design. The Krups comes in an aesthetically appealing casing. The mainboard is mounted vertically, and the shell entraps it, giving it the "tower" or "percolator" shape referred to. With the streamlined case, the power supply is moved outside to small transformer. The Krups unit gives off so little heat that there are no onboard cooling fans, making the Krups a dead-silent machine. Imagine the difference in noise when replacing a lab of traditional desktops with the Krups! This case design earned Krups a"1998 Industrial Design Excellence Award" from the Industrial Designers Society of America. This award announcement is archived for read at: [85]http://www.idsa.org/whatis/seewhat/idea98/winners/javastation.htm" The Krups had an initial base price of $599US, $100US cheaper than Mr. Coffee's rollout price. Due to it being the only model formally sold by Sun to the general public, this is how Krups is sometimes referred to as the only JavaStation, and not one model of a product line. See the JavaStation-NC at: [86]http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/krups_front_vie w.jpg _________________________________________________________________ JavaStation-E ["Espresso"] [Sun Option No. JE-xx] This model is extremely rare to find. It was never available for sale in quantities to either the general public or the initial JavaStation deployments, limiting the model's production quantity. To call this "Generation Three" of the JavaStation may be improper, as Espresso is nothing like the generation three JavaStation written about in early Sun literature. The Espresso was designed as an extension of the Krups. It was geared to sites that wanted a little bit more functionality and expansion capability from their JavaStations: a cross between an NC and a workstation. Espresso is powered by the same 110Mhz MicroSPARC IIep chip as Krups. It's mainboard is similar to Krups, with the addition of PCI slots and an IDE channel for local hard disks. The IDE on Espresso was not enabled in the demo units. Those who have tried to make it work have concluded the wiring is incorrect, and it requires a hardware rework to get working. Espresso continues with the PS2 keyboard and PS2 mouse ports from Mr. Coffee and Krups. Espresso uses the same 168-pin, 3.3V unbuffered DIMMs as Krups. The maximum allowed is not known at the time of this document's writing. As with the Mr. Coffee and Krups, the number "xx" in the Sun option number refers to the amount of memory shipped with the unit. For video display, the Espresso uses the PCI-based IGS C2000 framebuffer, along with the same standard VGA port connector as Krups and Mr. Coffee. The on-board audio remains a Crystal CS4231 chip like Krups, and the network interface remains a Sun HappyMeal 10/100 Mbps interface like Krups as well. Espresso came with the 9-pin serial port and 1/8" audio out and 1/8" audio in jacks of Krups, and a new addition of a parallel port, and a second 9-pin serial port. Espresso also comes with the flash memory to load your OS on and bypass the network boot cycle. One new addition to the Espresso is a smart card slot. The Espresso comes in a "pizza box" style case like the old Sun SparcStations, only a little taller, and not quite as wide. The Espresso was never sold to the public. There was an internal testing period at Sun, but the units never went into mass-production. Pete Zaitcev <[87]zaitcev@metabyte.com> currently uses his Espresso as both a server and router, with the addition of an IDE disk and 3C905 ethenet card, demonstrating the expandability of this unit. See the JavaStation-E at: [88]http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/espresso_front_ view.jpg _________________________________________________________________ JavaEngine-1 ["JE-1"] Like the Espresso, this unit is also an extremely rare find. This unit is supposed to be of similar board design to the Krups, but in an ATX form factor, without flash memory, and with a regular SVGA video chipset. Gleb Raiko <[89]raiko@niisi.msk.ru)> with the help of Vladimir Roganov <[90]roganov@niisi.msk.ru> did initial the Linux kernel support on "JE-1". Pete Zaitcev <[91]zaitcev@metabyte.com> later obtained a "JE-1" unit and restored full support in Linux kernel 2.3.x+. As the author of this document has never seen a "JE-1", submissions from the public are welcome. See the JavaEngine-1 at: [92]http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/je1_overhead_vi ew.jpg _________________________________________________________________ The "Dover" JavaStation model This is another box which does not exist officially outside of Sun. Little is known of it. A nice speculation would be that the next step in the JavaStation evolution was more of a low-cost NC based on PC boards. The PCI, PS2, and SVGA (as in "JE-1") was already present. The next step would have been a non-proprietary, industry-standard mainboard. Since nobody's talking, this is all speculation. However, the document author has been informed it is fully supported by the Linux kernel, should you be lucky enough to find one. _________________________________________________________________ The Generation 3 "Super JavaStation" Sun originally envisioned three generation models of the JavaStation: Mr. Coffee, the Krups, and the "Super JavaStation". Generation Three was billed in early literature as going to be the fastest JavaStation offerred, with a high-speed CPU and a JavaChip co-processor to translate Java-bytecode in hardware. All indications are that it never got beyond the mental stage, and was more of a marketing myth than anything else. First, consider that the cost of higher performance CPU as a factor. If Sun packaged a high-performance CPU into a JavaStation, the low-cost advantage of an NC goes away. Next, Sun did have their PicoJava chip available to decode Java bytecode, but word is the performance was not as good as expected, and the JavaChip project was shelved in the Summer of 1998, not long after Krups was formally released. The "Dover" project was being worked on, but the "Corona" project which would go on to become the Sun Ray was the final nail in the JavaStation 's coffin. So all indications are that this model is a piece of "vaporware". It is included here though, for the sake of completeness. _________________________________________________________________ Reasons for Running Linux and NC Myths Dispelled It turns out that Linux makes the JavaStations perform more than adequately on the desktop. Thanks to the kernel work of Pete Zaitcev <[93]zaitcev@metabyte.com> with mods and documentation contributed by others, the JavaStations offer users the low-cost, zero-admin, versatile desktop NC's they were originally billed to be, but with the added freedom granted by the Linux OS. While low-cost PC's now eclipse the JavaStation in terms of default CPU speed and RAM size, the JavaStations running Linux are still well-suited for a number of tasks: * Diskless X-Terminal. (Gives the JavaStations the capability of the Sun Xterminal 1 hardware that they replaced). * The NC solution, Linux-style: local X + a java-capable browser can make the JavaStations perform like they did with JavaOS/HotJava, only many times faster. * A beowulf node, or a dedicated RC5/SETI@HOME client. The JavaStation running Linux makes a stable, long-lasting number cruncher. * A small, standalone machine. While a task more suited on today's low-cost machines, there's not much that prevents the JavaStation from performing as a full-fleged standalone UNIX machine by itself. Just remember to set your expectations appropriately when doing so; they were "low-budget" clients when they were sold, and should not be directly compared to today's workstation offerings. * A router and server, as Pete Zaitcev <[94]zaitcev@metabyte.com> demonstrates as possible with his Espresso model JavaStation decked out with IDE disk and ethernet card. In all of the above scenarios, there is little to no maintenance of the machine once configured properly. Such is the advantage of the NC hardware. JavaStations run so much better with Linux than JavaOS, one would think that even Sun should have offered it as an option. Unfortunately, Sun has killed the line in favor of the Sun Ray. While the performance of the Sun Ray is good, keep in mind it is not a dedicated computing device and is little more than a graphics display hanging off your Sun server, which can give you some unexpected features (translation: "brand-name product lock"). The performance on the JavaStations with Linux will be similar to what you can get with a Sun Ray, but if ever you want to do something different with your machines, you have the flexibility to do so with the JavaStations. Lastly, if you're thinking of switching to diskless Xterminals on your network, you might consider the JavaStations over stripped down PC's. The hardware is standardized, smaller, and you do not need to worry about burning boot PROM's and the like. _________________________________________________________________ Why JavaStations are No Longer Produced Sun's official stance is that the JavaStation line was terminated in favor of the new Sun Ray line. A trip to the former JavaStation section of Sun's website at [95]http://www.sun.com/javastation verifies this formal positioning. As the Sun Ray is not an NC in the traditional sense (it is merely a framebuffer, and not a computing device itself), there is no explanation why the two do not co-exist. In talking to the users of the JavaStations, you will find strong opinions as to why the JavaStations are no more. The common thread in almost all opinions collected is that the software provided by Sun was inadequete for a production environment. Here are collected opinions from users of the Sun-provided software, included with their permission: I only used the Java Stations last summer while teaching 51 and 55/154. GoJoe was incredibly slow and I seem to remember having to login to several different screens and browsers just to be able to start anything. I had to apologize to my students for the slow and inconvenient machines --- I remember making some jokes about technological progress. --Dr. Alex Ryba, Professor at Marquette University <[96]alexr@mscs.mu.edu> Well, of course the old JavaStations were practically unusable. It's not a matter of just my opinion; we used to have CU 310 full of students using the Xterms all the time. As soon as the JavaStations appeared there were NO STUDENTS in there at all. The JavaStations killed CU 310. Now that the JavaStations are (thanks to you) back up to speed, students are beginning to come back, but they've gotten out of the habit of working in our lab, and are used to working on their own in the dorms. I think this is a big loss -- they don't learn anything from talking to each other in the labs anymore. Ghostview was slow, etc, but even vi was too slow. I am used to typing quickly, and when the cursor can't keep up with me, I can't handle it. I would also have worked at home if I didn't have to be here. And there were those annoying red squares left all over the Xterm window when you were in vi. I had to type ^L every few lines to get rid of them to see what I was typing... The pits. The whole setup made me lose a lot of respect for Sun (although I try to separate the different product lines as much as possible); I also think Sun will not get respect for hyping a product like the JavaStation so strongly, and then just dumping it. I would wonder why anyone would not just dump Sun... BTW, the JavaStations, now that they are fast, are quite fine. I really like mine, and don't see why they aren't a viable product. --Dr. Mark Barnard, Professor at Marquette University <[97]markb@mscs.mu.edu> I believe that it was the triple combination of Sun's JavaOS, the Hotjava software, and GraphOn's GoJoe X-connectivity software which ultimately doomed the JavaStation line. JavaOS was always sluggish in performance for us. It was rated as having one of the slowest Java VMs by a ZDNet Online Magazane review at [98]http://www.zdnet.com/pcmag/features/javaguide/hfgr10.htm . I speculate this was the the main cause of delaying the JavaStation's formal public release to April 1998. JavaOS also always lagged behind the current Java developer spec (ie running Java 1.0 when Java 1.1 was prevalent, and Java 1.1 when Java 1.2 was issued). It was tough explaining to students why the books they were buying were all using the new event-model of Java 1.1, but they could not program to it and have it run on "the Java machine". There were also some implementation problems with some of the AWT peers which sometimes made programming across platforms difficult. These performance and implementation problems were never addressed in subsequent build of JavaOS for the duration we ran it. I believe the last edition we had used a Java 1.1.4 runtime, when we had a Java 1.2 development kit on the server. The HotJava browser software suffered from not being able to handle web standards HTML4, cascading style-sheets, or the ECMA javascript. All of these standards were employed in commercial sites at the time, resulting in many sites that weren't viewable by the JavaStations. The Hotjava Browser engine also had serious printing problems with certain webpages, some of which appeared on Sun's own website! The HotJava Views task selector software also was rough. Users could have multiple apps running, but only one displayed at a time. Manipulation of multiple window panes was difficult (no minimization, no quick list to all apps, resizing not always possible). Flexibility users had grown accustomed to was tossed out in favor of this task-selector approach. On Sun's Java website there was a page boasting of a committee formed that decided this was the "right way" to make a desktop. Tell that to our users. The GraphOn Go-Joe software was by far the most damaging piece of software to the JavaStation line. This was an X-connectivity software Sun licensed from GraphOn to give users access to the Solaris servers' X apps. The connectivity worked via a daemon installed on the Solaris server, which was connected to by a Java connectivity applet on the NC side. This small applet (only about 250K) simply threw up the latest display state and sent back to the daemon the mouse and keyboard strokes of the user. Unlike Xterminals though, the actual Xserver process was spawned and communicated with on the remote server-side by the daemon. Communication between the GraphOn client applet and the server daemon was supposedly done by a patented protocol to compress communication and speed things up. However, the performance of X under Go-Joe was terribly sluggish, with horrible refresh rates (10-seconds for some page scroll refreshes). Many sites operators I spoke to elected to not run the Go-Joe software past a trial period for this reason. We had to run it though, as our users were heavily X dependant. Alternatives like Weird/X were not available at this time, and VNC proved not up to snuff given the slow JavaOS VM. This performance in Go-Joe alone was enough to give uninformed users the impression that the JavaStation was an underpowered machine, especially when placed side-by-side with the low-cost, end-of-lifed Sun Xterminal 1 hardware it was meant to replace. Our students left labs in droves, faculty were upset, and giving demos to outsiders was downright embarrassing. In reality the hardware was solid and stable, but was hampered by this new, untested OS and new, untested applications running on a new, untested hardware architecture. This triple-threat combination, and Sun's timeline for fixing the problems is what I feel truly doomed the JavaStation. I remember that in 1998, Sun publicized that it had rolled out 3000 of these machines in-house, including one on Scott McNealy's desk. One who has used the JavaStations with the Sun software would have to wonder whether he ever turned it on and used it solely for a day? Had he done so, I'm sure he'd demand things be done differently. Why Sun never ported and released its tried and tested XTerminal software to the JavaStation, or even a mini-Solaris, remained a mystery to us the whole time before we switched to Linux. It was only after we moved to Linux and the JavaStation line was formally killed by Sun when we learned from some inside Sun sources that Solaris actually was ported to Mr. Coffee, but released only internally at Sun. As a heavily invested customer site who had begged for help, this was not only disheartening, but insulting to discover. Lastly, the customer support we received at the time was horrible. We pled our case on more than a few occassions, but requests always seemed to fall on deaf ears. Calling up SunSolve for JavaStation help always resulted in a transfer to a Java Language engineer. If the Sun employees do not know their own products, that's a problem! >From our view, there no doubt was politics involved in this, and as customers, we were the ones to bear the results of this. We continue using Sun equipment when it comes to the proven models like the Enterprise-class servers and diskarrays, but on the latest low-cost desktop offerings, we will be forever cautious given the JavaStation history. Linux now proves the JavaStations are adequate machines, and Sun could take this bait and go with it. If they sell the JavaStations for $250 a piece and the JavaStation running a proven OS like Linux (or Solaris) with proven apps (X), the JavaStation makes for a great network appliance. The recent NetPliance I-Opener Linux hack and subsequent controversy proves there certainly is a market for this type of low-cost device. --Robert Dubinski, Computer Systems Technician at Marquette University <[99]tech@mscs.mu.edu> More comments and rebuttal statements by Sun employees are always welcome. _________________________________________________________________ Where to Purchase a JavaStation Since Sun has canceled production of the JavaStation line, it no longer sells them through their official channels. It should be possible to order any remaining JavaStation stock from the Sun Spares site at [100]http://www.sunspares.com. Your best bet to get JavaStations though is out on the open market. Educational institutions which received a handful from Sun as demo units are now trying to offload them any way they can. Search around the auction sites like Ebay and Yahoo Auctions, and you should be able to turn some up. Lastly, a great resource for JavaStations is "Bodoman's JavaStation site" at: [101]http://www.bodoman.com/javastation/javastation.html . Here you can find Mr. Coffee and Krups models. The current going price as of May 2000 for a Mr. Coffee model without memory or monitor is about $70-100US, while the Krups goes for about $85-100US. Anything more is typically due to memory pre-installed. Since the Taiwanese earthquake of 1999, memory prices have fluctuated on a near daily basis, making it difficult to pin a price range down in this manner. You might also get lucky and stumble on someone who wants to get rid of JavaStations cheap. Pete Zaitcev <[102]zaitcev@metabyte.com> purchased a 32-MB Krups for $75US in a pristine unopened box. _________________________________________________________________ Background Requirements for Linux on a JavaStation This chapter describes the base hardware and software requirements for enabling Linux on the JavaStation. _________________________________________________________________ Complete Hardware Requirements For hardware, you will need one or more JavaStation clients and a server to feed it its Linux image from, all networked on the same net segment. This server you use can be any server which supports DHCP and TFTP, and RARP. These are the base protocols needed to perform a network boot of the JavaStations. You may also need NFS service as well, but it is not necessary in one type of configuration this HOWTO describes. Also, you can get by without RARP on both the Krups and Espresso models. This document will describe how to set up serving the network Linux OS image to the JavaStation from a Sun server running SparcLinux. While you do not need a Sun server to serve your Linux image off of, the Sun SparcLinux server is needed should you wish to compile a kernel of your own, or prototype a new filesystem for your JavaStations to use. Otherwise, you will need to use prepackaged kernels and filesystems somebody else has pre-built and made publicly available for use. Your network can be a simple 10 Mbps ethernet LAN, but when you begin using more than 50 JavaStations at once, a switched 100 Mbps network becomes desirable for your server to handle multiple concurrent boot requests. This HOWTO includes example kernels and filesystems for you to use, eliminating your need of a Linux/SPARC server, but you still need a server of some type to feed the image to the JavaStations as they boot. _________________________________________________________________ Network Service Requirements As discussed in the last section, the JavaStation boot cycle will make use of DHCP and TFTP with possibly NFS and RARP. To understand why, read up on the JavaStation boot sequence in the next section. _________________________________________________________________ Understand the JavaStation Boot Sequence The JavaStations follow a typical diskless workstation boot sequence. When powered on, the JavaStation sends out a broadcast request for its IP. It gets its IP info via RARP or DHCP. With a DHCP response, it gets information about the network it is on and where to go download its boot image from via TFTP. There are subtle variations in diskless boots from one diskless machine to the next. For instance, BOOTP may sometimes be substituted where DHCP is, and RARP may be eliminated in favor of either of the two. But in general, the sequence is typically the same between the client and the server: 1. C: "Who am I?" 2. S: "You are xxx" 3. C: "Where do I go for my boot image?" 4. S: "You go here." 5. C: "Give me my image from here...Please?" 6. S: "Here's your image." After the kernel is finished loading, your diskless client typically mounts its root filesystem from the network via NFS. Alternatively, it may load and mount it from a RAMdisk. _________________________________________________________________ Additional Software Requirements: Replacement Firmware (PROLL) JavaStations came with two different PROMs installed in them. Version 2.30 shipped with the earliest Mr. Coffee models, and was updated by latter versions of the Sun Netra J software environment to 3.11. Krups and Espresso came with 3.x versions of the PROM by default. It turns out the later 3.x series of PROMs is not conducive to booting Linux upon. Fortunately, kernel hacker Pete Zaitcev <[103]zaitcev@metabyte.com> wrote a complete PROM replacement called PROLL. PROLL becomes the first image your JavaStation grabs by TFTP. It then will load your true kernel image and boot into Linux. No matter what PROM revision you have, get PROLL. This can make troubleshooting new installs easier. The current, master version of PROLL is available from Pete Zaitcev's website at: [104]http://www.metabyte.com/~zaitcev/linux. The current version at the time of this writing is "11". PROLL can also be found mirrored on "VGER", and also on this HOWTO's distribution site at: [105]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/proll_11.tar.gz (HOWTO website mirror)". _________________________________________________________________ Decide on your Filesystem: NFS-Root, or Embedded? Before you begin, you must decide upon the root-filesystem type you wish to use for your diskless JavaStation. _________________________________________________________________ "NFS-Root" Filesystem In this setup, after the boot kernel is retrieved off the network, the running JavaStation makes an NFS connection for its root filesystem. The root directory "/" is mounted off the network for the duration of the current session. The "NFS-Root" solution is the recommended way to go for beginners, as it is easier to troubleshoot if there are problems. It also makes it easier to prototype the proper filesystem, as any changes you make on a running system can be propogated for the next boot cycle (so long as you are in read-write mode, of course). _________________________________________________________________ "Embedded-Root" Filesystem In this setup, the root filesystem is loaded directly into RAM and accessed from there. The advantage of this setup is that there is no NFS traffic to worry about, resulting in a clean solution. The disadvantage of this configuration is that you can no longer do rapid prototyping of your filesystem, as any changes you make to a running system are lost. If you have no "NFS-Root" setup available, you develop an embedded filesystem by making small tweaks and performing reboots to test. First time users will want to set up an "NFS-Root" configuration. When you have things stabilized, move to "Embedded-Root" and make use of its advantages. _________________________________________________________________ Build Your Kernel Before you begin This chapter assumes you wish to compile your own Linux kernel for the JavaStation. It assumes you already know how to compile Linux kernels in general, perhaps on PC, a SPARC server running Linux, or any of the other Linux ports. If not, read the Kernel-HOWTO and the README file of your kernel source. Compiling a kernel for a JavaStation is not much different than compiling a Linux kernel elsewhere. You just need to know the right options to pick. In general, you're compiling for a Sun4M class architecture, and enabling JavaStation-specific options. The following sections in this chapter will take you through the steps. While it may be possible to compile the JavaStation -enabled kernel on alternate platforms, this HOWTO assumes you do it on a Linux/Sparc based server running in 32-bit mode. _________________________________________________________________ Make sure you use 32-bit mode When compiling your own JavaStation-capable kernel, you need to make sure the Sun server you are working on is set to 32-bit mode. So, if you're on an Ultra-class machine, be sure you first switch to 32-bit mode before you begin compiling. To check what mode you're in, do a uname -a. If it says "sparc", you're in 32-bit mode and don't have to do anything. If it reports "sparc64", then you should perform a sparc32 bash first to switch to 32-bit mode. A subsequent uname -a should reflect the change. _________________________________________________________________ Supported Linux Kernel Versions The kernel source revision you should use depends on which model of JavaStation you have. Mr. Coffee support has worked since about kernel version 2.2.5, and definitely works out of the box with the RedHat 6.0+/SPARC distribution kernels. Krups support did not work well out of the box until the latter 2.3.x kernel cycle. Pete Zaitcev <[106]zaitcev@metabyte.com> added Krups support in the early 2.3.x sequence, but the MMU changes to the 32-bit SPARC kernel kept it from compiling cleanly until later on. The kernel is known to compile cleanly with the Mar. 17 CVS kernel, and should compile cleanly with any 2.3.99pre3+ version kernel. Krups support has been backported by Varol Kapton <[107]varol@ulakbim.gov.tr>, and it is fully supported in the 2.2.15-prepatch versions. By the time this document gets widespread exposure, it is hoped that the 2.4.x stable kernel cycle will be ready, at which time any 2.4.x kernel should compile cleanly with support for the entire JavaStation line. If you can not get a kernel to compile, you should try the samples pointed to by this document. _________________________________________________________________ Required Kernel Configuration Options When you do your make config command to enter the kernel configuration stage, there are a few things you are required to enable: For all JavaStations, you want to enable PCI support: CONFIG_PCI=y Don't forget your mouse: CONFIG_BUSMOUSE=y CONFIG_SUN_MOUSE=y You'll want video, done with the Linux framebuffer interface: CONFIG_FB_TCX=y (for Mr. Coffee) CONFIG_FB_PCI=y CONFIG_FB_IGA=y (for Krups/Espresso) Audio is done with the Crystal Audio 4231 chipset: CONFIG_SPARCAUDIO=y CONFIG_SPARCAUDIO_CS4231=y Don't forget your network interface: CONFIG_SUNLANCE=y (Mr. Coffee) CONFIG_HAPPYMEAL=y (Krups/Espresso) You'll no doubt need to support a filesystem: CONFIG_EXT2_FS=y You'll want IP autoconfiguration, and RARP/BOOTP support: CONFIG_IP_PNP=y CONFIG_IP_PNP_BOOTP=y CONFIG_IP_PNP_RARP=y When doing the "NFS-Root" filesystem configuration, you will need both NFS and NFS-Root support: CONFIG_NFS_FS=y CONFIG_ROOT_NFS=y When doing the "Embedded-Root" filesystem, configure both RAM disks and "initial ramdisk" support: CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM=y CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD=y You can get a working ".config" file which has these options set later in this chapter. _________________________________________________________________ Necessary Patch for "Embedded-Root" FS Configurations If you have decided to go with the "Embedded-Root" filesystem option, you will want to make a patch to the RAMdisk driver source first. The default size of a RAM disk when using the RAMdisk driver is 4 MB. Chances are that you will want an embedded filesystem of more than that size, particularly when you start thinking about running an X server, or including a Java runtime. You can do this change by yourself, or by using the patch pointed to below. The change is a one-line edit in the file /drivers/block/rd.c . Look for a line that says: int rd_size = 4096; /* Size of the RAM disks */ and change it to the size of the RAMdisk you wish. Typically, most embedded systems are under 16 MB, so a common edit is to change the line to: int rd_size = 4 * 4096; /* Size of the RAM disks */ If you can not do this, the patch below makes the edit for you. 4MB to 16MB kernel patch file is at: [108]http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/ramdisk_patch It should be noted in this section that there is currently a limit on the size of Linux boot image for all JavaStation models, due to the implementation of PROLL. This limit is technically 8 MB. This topic is mentioned again in the "TroubleShooting" section of this document. _________________________________________________________________ Build the JavaStation-Ready Kernel To build the kernel, you type make vmlinux. If you come from an x86 Linux background, you might be surprised that you do not perform a make bzImage or make zImage. Do not be alarmed: this command is correct. When the compile is finished, you will find a file named "vmlinux" in the kernel source root directory. You are almost ready to put this kernel to use. You need to make one more change to your kernel before it is ready for use. You need to convert it from ELF to AOUT executable format. You can do this with the "elftoaout" utility included in most Linux/SPARC distributions. To convert your kernel image to the AOUT executable format, you issue the command: elftoaout -o vmlinux.aout vmlinux You will probably now want to rename the image file to a longer name which includes the current date and kernel revision you used, so as not to get confused with when you have multiple boot kernel images down the road. _________________________________________________________________ JavaStation-Ready Kernel Images and ".config" File Samples Here are some sample ".config" and JavaStation-ready kernel images. They have been donated by Linux-running JavaStation users. _________________________________________________________________ Sample ".config" Files [109]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/kernel_config_2_3_ 99_pre3_mar_17 This is a ".config" file donated by Robert Dubinski <[110]dubinski@mscs.mu.edu>. It was used at Marquette University to build a boot image from the Mar. 17, 2000 CVS kernel version. This includes support for both Mr. Coffee and Krups in an "Embedded-Root" filesystem configuration. These options should be valid for newer kernels as well; Perform a make oldconfig when using with latter kernels. _________________________________________________________________ Sample JavaStation-Ready Kernel Files [111]http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/vmlinux_2_3_99 pre3_mar_17 This is a kernel file donated by Robert Dubinski <[112]dubinski@mscs.mu.edu>. It was built for Marquette University and is based off the Mar. 17, 2000 CVS kernel version. This kernel image includes support for both Mr. Coffee and Krups models in an "Embedded-Root" filesystem configuration. This boot kernel image has already been converted to the required AOUT executable format. _________________________________________________________________ Build A JavaStation-Ready FileSystem This chapter details how one constructs a filesystem suitable for use on the Linux-running JavaStations. _________________________________________________________________ Preparing Yourself to Build Your Own Filesystem Building a filesystem for use with the JavaStations is a time-consuming, but rewarding task for those who undertake it. You will learn more about library dependencies than you ever thought you could, all the time while trying to keep the overall image size as small as possible. There are two common approaches one can take when rolling a new JavaStation-ready filesystem. 1. Start with an established distribution's filesystem and whittle down to the core. 2. Start with an established distribution's "rescue disk" filesystem and add desired functionality. Which path you take, of course, is entirely up to you. The "rescue disk" build procedure seems to work best though, as more base commands in a rescue disk are statically linked, increasing the starting image size but causing less initial library headaches. Obviously when building a filesystem in the context of the JavaStation, you will be basing off of an existing Linux/SPARC filesystem. The filesystems that come with the RedHat and Debian distributions are good starting points. Warning In the future, you will also need to make sure you base off a filesystem built with compiled 32-bit mode executables, as a 64-bit userland project is presently in progress for 64-bit SPARC Linux kernels. _________________________________________________________________ Contents of the "/etc/fstab" File The configuration lines placed into "/etc/fstab" depend on whether you will be using the "NFS-Root" or "Embedded-Root" filesystem configuration. _________________________________________________________________ "NFS-Root" Filesystem fstab Here is an example of an "/etc/fstab" for an "NFS-Root" boot option. ### # your.nfs.server:/path/to/filesystem / nfs defaults,rsize=8192,wsize=8192 1 1 # none /proc proc defaults 0 0 ### _________________________________________________________________ "Embedded-Root" Filesystem fstab Here is an example of an "/etc/fstab" for an "Embedded-Root" boot option. ### # /dev/ram / ext2 defaults # /proc /proc proc defaults ### _________________________________________________________________ The "Embedded-Root" Image Creation Procedure Prepping up the "Embedded-Root" boot image requires a number of extra steps. Due to these extra steps, the "NFS-Root" filesystem option is recommended for beginners to Linux on the JavaStation. You might also try the samples pointed to in this document. Should you still wish to build and embedded image on your own, this section outlines the basic instructions. Creating the "Embedded-Root" boot image is a 5-Step Procedure: 1. Prototype Your Filesystem This whole chapter deals with rolling your own filesystem. In this step, it is assumed you create your own filesystem, perhaps by prototyping one on a working "NFS-Root" filesystem configuration. One thing to keep in mind is that unlike your "NFS-Root" filesystem, the "Embedded-Root" filesystem must fit within the confines of your allocated RAMdisk, generally 4-16 MB. Your maximum size is dependant on the setting of the RAMdisk driver. 2. Create an Empty File for Your FileSystem You now need to create a file-based filesystem "container". This is just a file that is the size of your RAMdisk. To create this, try the dd command: dd if=/dev/zero of=./fs_test.img bs=1k count=8000 Using this example, you now should have an 8 MB file named "fs_test.img". Note: Be sure the count you use matches the RAMdisk size you allocated for in the kernel's RAMdisk driver! 3. Format your Filesystem "Container" Now that you have a "container" for your filesystem, it is time to format it and place a bare filesystem on it. In our kernel phase, we added in support for the ext2 filesystem. We'll now format our "container" with this filesystem type. mkfs.ext2 ./fs_test.img Ignore any warnings about the file not being a block device, and proceed anyway. This is an expected warning message. 4. Mount the Filesystem "Container" and Write to It Now that you have your filesystem container, you can mount it and load your prototyped filesystem on it. To mount the container, use the kernel loopback device. Make sure your server's kernel has loopback support enabled and issue a: mount -o loop ./fs_test.img /mnt Copy your files to the filesystem, and make sure "/etc/fstab" has the RAMdisk entries as described elsewhere in this document. To avoid symbolic links being changed into actual copies of files, use a copy tool like "tar" or "cpio" instead of a "cp". 5. Unmount and Compress the Root Filesystem Unmount the root filesystem you just created. umount /mnt Compress the filesystem file with maximum "gzip" compression levels. gzip -v9 ./fs_test.img You should now have "fs_test.img.gz" file. 6. Hook the Root-Filesystem Onto the Back of Your Kernel Image Now you must append the filesystem image onto your kernel. You do this with a utility program called "piggyback". The piggyback program takes care of the task of appending the two and letting the kernel know where both it and the filesystem begins and ends. The "piggyback" program is found in your kernel source tree under /arch/sparc/boot. It might also be found on your favorite ftp.kernel.org site. For piggyback to work, it needs your AOUT format kernel image, the System.map file from your kernel source root directory, and the compressed root-filesystem you just created. We put it all together with a: piggyback vmlinux.aout System.map fs_test.img.gz Be sure to backup your kernel image first, as piggyback used the same "vmlinux.aout" filename for output. Check the filesize of your "vmlinux.aout" file after giving this command and you can verify the filesystem has indeed been appended. Congratulations! You've created an "Embedded-Root" kernel/filesystem boot image. _________________________________________________________________ Sample FileSystems Here are some sample filesystems for you to start with. A filesystem image contributed by Varol Kapton <[113]varol@ulakbim.gov.tr> is at: [114]http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/jsroot_varol.t ar.gz _________________________________________________________________ Set up Your Server This chapter describes the configuration steps necessary for the server machine to hand-off your JavaStation boot image. _________________________________________________________________ Preface It is now time to setup your server to deliver the OS and filesystem to the JavaStation. In our examples here, we configure a Linux/SPARC server "lnxserv" at private IP 192.168.128.100 to deliver a boot image to JavaStation "java01" at private IP 192.168.128.1. Both are on private network 192.168.128/24. When using an "NFS-Root" Filesystem, the location on the server of the filesystem in our sample is at "/path/to/nfsroot". _________________________________________________________________ Setting up the RARP service We first need to set up RARP service on our server, so the JavaStation can auto-configure its IP. First, populate the "/etc/ethers" file with the mapping of the mac address of the JavaStation to its hostname: ### /etc/ethers 8:0:20:82:7a:21 lnxserv # 192.168.128.100 (server is not necessary,) # # (just for completeness) # # 08:00:20:81:C2:ae java01 # 192.168.128.1 (JavaStation) # ### Next, populate the "/etc/hosts" file with the IP to hostname maps: ### /etc/hosts 192.168.128.100 lnxserv 192.168.128.1 java01 ### Lastly, configure the RARP cache to fill at start-up (Linux/SPARC has no RARP daemon, per se): ### Part of rc.local # # If necessary, first load the rarp module to be able to fill the cache. # /sbin/insmod rarp # # Now we fill the rarp cache. You better have the rarp command available. if [ -f /sbin/rarp ]; then /sbin/rarp -f fi ### _________________________________________________________________ Setting up the DHCP service You now need to configure your server to deliver DHCP service. This will help identify the JavaStation, the network it is on, and where to get its boot image from. The following is a sample "dhcpd.conf" file for the ISC DHCP server software which ships with most Linux/SPARC distributions. ### Sample /etc/dhcpd.conf file for ISC DHCPD # deny unknown-clients; # subnet 192.168.128.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 192.168.128.1 192.168.128.150; } group { host java01 { hardware ethernet 08:00:20:81:C2:ae; filename "C0A88003"; # "/tftpboot/xxx" fixed-address java01; # 192.168.128.1 } } # ### End dhcpd.conf file Note: Some early versions of ISC DHCPD are reported to not work well. It is recommended you use ISC DHCPD Version 2.0 and above. Pete Zaitcev sent a longer [115]dhcpd.conf for demonstration purposes. _________________________________________________________________ Set up NFS service ("NFS-Root Options" Only) When you are serving up an "NFS-Root" filesystem, you need to share the filesystem you created to the JavaStation client. You do this with the "/etc/exports" file. ###/etc/exports /path/to/nfsroot java01(rw,no_root_squash) ### Be sure your NFS server gets properly started up at boot-time. _________________________________________________________________ Setting up for Boot with TFTP Now we need to set up the last step on our server: the TFTP configuration. For this step, you will need the kernel you created (using the "NFS-Root" option) or the piggybacked kernel/fs boot image (using the "Embedded-Root" option), the appropriate PROLL, and some knowledge of hexadecimal numbering. The first thing you need to do is verify that "TFTPd" is enabled in your "/etc/inetd.conf" file: tftp dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.tftpd Now, you move your copy of proll for your JavaStation architecture, along your kernel or piggybacked kernel image to /tftpboot. Now, you create of symbolic link from the hexidecimal version of your IP to your PROLL image, and a map from "HEXIP.PROL" to your real kernel image. If you are using "Embedded-Root" option, you point to your "Embedded-Root" Filesystem plus Kernel image. If you are using the "NFS-Root" option, you need to point to the normal "vmlinux.aout" image, plus have a separate map of IP->nfsroot location. For sake of completeness, you might also want a "HEXIP.SUN4M" -> "HEXIP" map, as that is the custom way of dealing with net boot situations with the Sun. Example for java01 booting from "NFS-Root": $ ls -ld /tftpboot -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 89608 Mar 20 10:15 proll.aout.krups.11 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 52732 Mar 17 11:52 proll.aout.mrcoffee.11 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 Mar 20 10:16 proll.krups -> proll.a out.krups.11 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Mar 17 11:54 proll.mrcoffee -> prol l.aout.mrcoffee.11 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Apr 1 13:00 C0A88001.SUN4M -> COA8 8001 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Apr 1 13:00 C0A88001 -> proll.mrco ffee lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Apr 1 13:00 C0A88001.PROL -> vmlin ux.aout -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1456189 May 21 12:53 vmlinux.aout -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6743821 Apr 1 12:53 vmlinux_embed.aout lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 Apr 1 12:53 192.168.128.1 -> /path /to/nfsroot Example for java01 booting from "Embedded-Root" boot image: $ ls -ld /tftpboot -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 89608 Mar 20 10:15 proll.aout.krups.11 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 52732 Mar 17 11:52 proll.aout.mrcoffee.11 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 Mar 20 10:16 proll.krups -> proll.a out.krups.11 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Mar 17 11:54 proll.mrcoffee -> prol l.aout.mrcoffee.11 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Apr 1 13:00 C0A88001.SUN4M -> COA8 8001 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Apr 1 13:00 C0A88001 -> proll.mrco ffee lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Apr 1 13:00 C0A88001.PROL -> vmlin ux_embed.aout -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1456189 May 21 12:53 vmlinux.aout -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6743821 Apr 1 12:53 vmlinux_embed.aout _________________________________________________________________ The Last Configuration Step The last step to configuring your Linux-running JavaStation: boot it and cross your fingers! Tip: Report of success are also heard of where one or more of these configuration steps have been used: knocking on a wooden surface, booting during a full moon, walking under ladders, breaking of mirrors, throwing salt over one's shoulder, hunting black cats and sacrificing chickens (KFC will suffice). _________________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting This chapter is intended to provide solutions to frequently and infrequently encountered problems in enabling Linux on the JavaStations. _________________________________________________________________ When booting, the message "The file just loaded does not appear to be executable." Why? This symptom likely means you forgot to run elftoaout on your kernel image. _________________________________________________________________ Cannot Boot an "Embedded-Root" image > 10 MB on my JavaStation. Why? There is a known limit of 8 MB when using the "Embedded-Root" boot image option. The cause of this is the current version of the PROLL software, which map only 8 MB of low memory. Any more and banking support would need to be added to it. Pete Zaitcev <[116]zaitcev@metabyte.com>, author of PROLL answers this can be fixed if needed by someone, as the source to PROLL has been released under the General Public License GPL. So in reality, the embedded image size limit is really 8 MB , not 10 MB. If 10 MB somehow works for you, it is by "luck"! _________________________________________________________________ After Booting, Typing Anything Yields Garbage Characters. Why? There are a few possibilities for this. Among them: 1. You have an incorrect device # for tty0. 2. A "keytable" loaded is incorrect. Make sure you use "sun" instead of "PC" if you use the keytable program. Look for the keytable configuration file if it exists. _________________________________________________________________ In X Sessions to a Solaris server, the font server "xfs" crashes. Why? If you do X sessions to a Solaris server, and you find that your sessions are no longer opening up new windows, chances are the font server on the Solaris host has crashed. This is a known bug in Solaris 2.6 and 2.7 when you have about 2 dozen X terminals sessions running. The fix is to move the font server to a different architecture and point your JavaStations there, or to upgrade your Solaris to the 2.7 11/99 maintenance release or Solaris 8 which both have fixes to this problem. _________________________________________________________________ Performing Indirect XDMCP to a Solaris Server Results in Session Login Failures. Why? Congratulations! You must have one of patch numbers 107180-12 through 107180-19 installed on a Solaris 7 server. You need to upgrade to 107180-20 or above to fix this problem. Here's a little rant: I reported this problem to Sun in November 1999, at which time I was told a fix was not scheduled to be made, since I was using an "unsupported configuration.". Never mind the client was a piece of hardware made by Sun itself. Also never mind that indirect XDMCP queries is a standard itself which was broken by Sun. A call back in late January 2000, and I learn that the record of my previous call was non-existant, but a fix was now on its way. The fix finally was made available in April 2000, five months after first reporting the problem. Considering revisions to this patch during the broken XDMCP period dealt with fixing system security issues, we were forced to run the older insecure software for five months while waiting for a fix to a problem which should have been patched immediately. The moral of the story: test your JavaStation configuration against an upgraded server that is not in production mode. --Robert Dubinski, Computer Systems Technician at Marquette University <[117]tech@mscs.mu.edu> _________________________________________________________________ Answers to Miscellaneous Questions This chapter aims to answer some miscellaneous questions about Linux and the JavaStations. _________________________________________________________________ Regarding RARP: Is it Needed or Not? RARP is not needed with the Krups or Espresso models and recent PROLL software. RARP is required for Mr. Coffee, however. This document explains how to set up kernel-level RARP for the remaining models. In kernel versions 2.3.x/2.4.x, kernel-level RARP support is removed. Pete Zaitcev <[118]zaitcev@metabyte.com> has made a patch to ANK userland RARP that allows it to compile on Linux/SPARC. It is available from: [119]ftp://corp.metabyte.com/private/linux_roxy/tools/". The command to use then is rarpd-ank -e eth0. "-e" makes it ignore /tftpboot checking, and "eth0" is needed if you are behind a firewall. _________________________________________________________________ Can One Use the Smart Card Reader on the Espresso models? This is not currently supported, but the reader follows an ISO standard (ISO 7816-3). On Espresso, if you look into PROLL, there are definitions for the GPIO smartcard data/clock in "eeprom.c". So a programmer should technically be able to get the Smart Card slot running. _________________________________________________________________ Can One Use the Solaris DHCP server instead of ISC? Yes, this is possible. Earlier ISC daemons had problems, while the Solaris server was more robust. Here is how to configure it: First, fill in your /var/dhcp/"networks" file, populating it with ethernet to IP info, and the appropriate leastime. # This example uses "infinite" leastime # 0108002081C2AE 03 192.168.128.1 192.168.128.100 java01 # JavaStation 010800208E4CF6 03 192.168.128.2 192.168.128.100 java02 # JavaStation Next, fill in your /var/dhcp/dhcptab file with entries similar to: ## # First, some network info # Locale m :UTCoffst=21600: studsys m :Include=Locale:Timeserv=192.168.128.100:DNSdmain=my.own.net:DNSser v=192.168.128.100: 192.168.128.0 m :Broadcst=192.168.128.255:Subnet=255.255.255.0:MTU=1500:BootS rvA=192.168.128.100:Router=192.168.128.101:NISdmain=my.own.net:NISservs=192.168 .128.100: # # note: BootServA can point to a different TFTP server to get the kernel image # off of. # # ## # Now we define the JavaStation TFTPboot parameters # SUNW.Linux m :Include=studsys:JOSchksm=0x155dbf97:Rootpath=/tftpboot:BootFile=p roll.mrcoffee:BootSrvA=192.168.128.100:TFTPsrvN=lnxserv: SUNW.Linux.Krups m :Include=studsys:Rootpath=/tftpboot:BootFile=proll.krups:Boo tSrvA=192.168.128.100:TFTPsrvN=lnxserv: # # # note: different classes are defined for the different PROLL images. # ## # Lastly, we list our hosts and which boot class each one gets. java01 m :LeaseTim=-1:Include=SUNW.Linux: java02 m :LeaseTim=-1:Include=SUNW.Linux.Krups: # # # ### _________________________________________________________________ Can One Pass Arguments to "/sbin/init" in a Diskless Boot like This? PROLL ships with DHCP options disabled, but it could be changed. You would then do something like "/tftpboot/0A0A0000.ARGS" to get those parameters in. If you boot from flash memory, PROLL picks up SILO options (where SILO is > version 0.9.6 and PROLL is >= version 11) _________________________________________________________________ Enabling X on the JavaStation Enabling X on the JavaStation is possible. First, be sure you have enabled the appropriate framebuffer device in your kernel's configuration (as described elsewhere in this document). Next, you'll want to use the generic Sun Framebuffer X server and "XF86Config" file. You can build this yourself, or you can try someone's prebuilt binaries, like the samples pointed to below. As of this time, XFree 4.0 does not work on the SPARC line. You'll need to use an XFree 3.3.x variant in the meantime. The new driver model of 4.0 will provide the path necessary to provide a dedicated accellerated X server for the JavaStations. Sample XFree Sun Frambuffer X Server File is at: [120]http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/XF86_FBDev Sample XFree JavaStation-Ready XF86Config File is at: [121]http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/XF86Config _________________________________________________________________ Is There Mailing List Help? There is a mailing devoted exclusively to running Linux on SPARC processor based machines like the JavaStations. The mailing list address is "sparclinux@vger.rutgers.edu". You should first subscribe to it by sending a message to "majordomo@vger.rutgers.edu" with a subject and body line of "subscribe sparclinux ". You can leave out your email address, but it is helpful to put it in if you have multiple valid addresses at your site. Archives of the Linux/Sparc mailing list are kept at: [122]http://www.progressive-comp.com/Lists/?l=linux-sparc&r=1&w=2" _________________________________________________________________ Are There Alternate Help Sources Available? There are a few known sources of Linux on JavaStation help outside of this HOWTO and the Linux/Sparc mailing list. 1. Pete Zaitcev <[123]zaitcev@metabyte.com> was the driving force in programming the Linux kernel support for the JavaStation line. He maintains a website of low-level hardware details at [124]http://corp.metabyte.com/~zaitcev/linux. Here you will find all kinds of little source patches, though none presented are necessary for basic JavaStation support as described in this document. Additional sources of information will be added as they appear. _________________________________________________________________ Unanswered Questions This chapter lists questions which have been asked by the author or others, but as of now have no answers to. _________________________________________________________________ Does "Piggyback" work for the x86 too? Enquiring minds want to know. _________________________________________________________________ Where Can One Find Espressos for Sale? Enquiring minds want to know. _________________________________________________________________ Do Tools Exist to Configure Net Boot Entries Quickly? Enquiring minds want to know. _________________________________________________________________ Appendix This section is a collection of various reference documents which do not belong in any other section. _________________________________________________________________ Mr. Coffee Jumper Info Mr. Coffee Jumper Assignments J0206 JTAG header, perhaps JSCC compatible. J0904 1-2 shortened Enter POST - output ttya, input ttya 1-2 open Skip POST - output screen, input ttya 3-4 Unused 5-6 Unused 7-8 Unused J1101 1-2 open (dflt) TPE squelch 1-2 short Reduced squelch threshold J1102 1-2 open (dflt) 100 Ohm TPE termination short 150 Ohm TPE termination J1602 Manufacturing test of unknown sort J1603 1-2 PROM select (unfortunately PROM socket is emply) 2-3 (default) Flash select J1604 1-2 FPROM write disable 2-3 (default) FPROM write enable J0904 block is a bit block of pullup resistors which a user may shorten. They may be read from the keyboard controller with a command 0xDD. _________________________________________________________________ Krups Jumper Info Krups Jumper Assignments J1202 1-2 Use Flash 2-3 Select optional diagnostic FLASH PROM in socket J1203 (this does not sound quite right ...) J1300 1-2 Software debug use 3-4 Factory use - PROM switch?? 5-6 Unused 7-8 Flash update recovery J0500 JTAG _________________________________________________________________ JavaStation Photo Gallery This section contains links to pictures of the JavaStation line. Front view of Mr. Coffee is at: [125]http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/mr_coffee_fron t_view.jpg Top view of Mr. Coffee is at: [126]http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/mr_coffee_top_ view.jpg Inside view of Mr. Coffee is at: [127]http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/mr_coffee_insi de_view.jpg Mr. Coffee white case variation #1 at: [128]http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/mr_coffee_whit e_case_1.jpg Mr. Coffee white case variation #2 at: [129]http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/mr_coffee_whit e_case_2.jpg Front view of krups is at: [130]http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/krups_front_vi ew.jpg Side view of krups is at: [131]http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/krups_side_vie w.jpg Top view of krups is at: [132]http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/krups_top_view .jpg Front view of Espresso is at: [133]http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/espresso_front _view.jpg Side view of Espresso is at: [134]http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/espresso_side_ view.jpg Rear view of Espresso is at: [135]http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/espresso_rear_ view.jpg Inside view of Espresso is at: [136]http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/espresso_insid e_view.jpg See the JavaEngine-1 at: [137]http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/je1_overhead_v iew.jpg View of the JavaStation mousepad is at: [138]http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/javastation_mo usepad.jpg View of a Lab of JavaStations running Linux is at: [139]http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/lab_of_javasta tions.jpg References 1. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#METAINFOCHAPTER 2. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#DOCUMENTPURPOSESECTION 3. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#DOCUMENTACKNOWLEDGEMENTSSECTION 4. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#DOCUMENTCONTRIBUTORSSECTION 5. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#DOCUMENTHISTORYSECTION 6. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#DOCUMENTCOPYRIGHTSECTION 7. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#DOCUMENTLOCATIONSECTION 8. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#WHATISCHAPTER 9. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#WHATISJAVASTATIONSECTION 10. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#WHATISNCSECTION 11. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#JAVASTATIONMODELSSECTION 12. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#WHYLINUXSECTION 13. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#JAVASTATIONDEATHSECTION 14. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#WHEREPURCHASESECTION 15. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#BACKGROUNDREQUIREMENTSCHAPTER 16. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#HARDWAREREQUIREMENTSSECTION 17. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#NETWORKSERVICEREQUIREMENTS 18. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#JAVASTATIONBOOTDESCSECTION 19. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#PROLLDESCSECTION 20. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#FSTYPEDESCSECTION 21. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#KERNELBUILDCHAPTER 22. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#BEFOREBEGINNINGSECTION 23. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#WORKIN32BITMODESECTION 24. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#KERNELVERSIONSUPPORTSECTION 25. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#REQUIREDKERNELCONFIGOPTIONSSECTION 26. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#EMBEDDEDROOTFSPATCHSECTION 27. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#BUILDTHEKERNELSECTION 28. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#KERNELSAMPLESSECTION 29. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#BUILDFILESYSTEMCHAPTER 30. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#FSBUILDINTROSECTION 31. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#FSTABDESCSECTION 32. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#EMBEDDEDROOTPROCEDURESECTION 33. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#SAMPLEFILESYSTEMSSECTION 34. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#SERVERSETUPCHAPTER 35. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#SERVERPREFACESECTION 36. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#CONFIGURERARPSECTION 37. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#CONFIGUREDHCPSECTION 38. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#CONFIGURENFSSECTION 39. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#CONFIGURETFTPSECTION 40. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#LASTCONFIGURESTEPSECTION 41. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#TROUBLESHOOTINGCHAPTER 42. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#NOTEXECUTABLETSSECTION 43. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#TENMBLIMITTSSECTION 44. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#KEYGARBLESTSSECTION 45. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#FONTSERVTSSECTION 46. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#XDMCPTSSECTION 47. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#MISCANSWERSCHAPTER 48. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#RARPFAQSECTION 49. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#ESPRESSOCARDREADERFAQSECTION 50. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#SOLARISDHCPFAQSECTION 51. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#BOOTOPTIONSFAQSECTION 52. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#ENABLINGXFAQSECTION 53. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#MAILINGLISTFAQSECTION 54. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#ALTERNATEHELPSITESFAQSECTION 55. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#UNANSWEREDQUESTIONSCHAPTER 56. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#PIGGYBACKUNANSWERED 57. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#ESPRESSOAVAILABILITYUNANSWERED 58. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#NETBOOTTOOLSUNANSWERED 59. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#APPENDIXCHAPTER 60. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#MRCOFFEEJUMPERSSECTION 61. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#KRUPSJUMPERSECTION 62. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/work/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#JAVASTATIONPHOTOGALLERY 63. mailto:dubinski@mscs.mu.edu 64. http://www.marquette.edu/ 65. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/ 66. mailto:ebrower@mscs.mu.edu 67. http://www.linuxdoc.org/ 68. mailto:zaitcev@metabyte.com 69. mailto:ebrower@usa.net 70. mailto:varol@ulakbim.gov.tr 71. mailto:davem@redhat.com 72. mailto:zaitcev@metabyte.com 73. mailto:magdalena.wodzinska@marquette.edu 74. mailto:dubinski@mscs.mu.edu 75. mailto:dubinski@mscs.mu.edu 76. mailto:dubinski@mscs.mu.edu 77. http://www.linuxdoc.org/ 78. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/%CB%9Ctech/Linux_on_JS 79. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/%CB%9Ctech/Linux_on_JS/Files/JavaStation-HOWTO.sgml 80. http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/JavaStation-HOWTO/ 81. http://www.sun.com/ 82. http://www.sun.com/solaris 83. http://www.linux.com/ 84. http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/mr_coffee_front_view.jpg 85. http://www.idsa.org/whatis/seewhat/idea98/winners/javastation.htm 86. http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/krups_front_view.jpg 87. mailto:zaitcev@metabyte.com 88. http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/espresso_front_view.jpg 89. mailto:raiko@niisi.msk.ru) 90. mailto:roganov@niisi.msk.ru 91. mailto:zaitcev@metabyte.com 92. http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/je1_overhead_view.jpg 93. mailto:zaitcev@metabyte.com 94. mailto:zaitcev@metabyte.com 95. http://www.sun.com/javastation 96. mailto:alexr@mscs.mu.edu 97. mailto:markb@mscs.mu.edu 98. http://www.zdnet.com/pcmag/features/javaguide/jfgr10.htm 99. mailto:tech@mscs.mu.edu 100. http://www.sunspares.com/ 101. http://www.bodoman.com/javastation/javastation.html 102. mailto:zaitcev@metabyte.com 103. mailto:zaitcev@metabyte.com 104. http://www.metabyte.com/~zaitcev/linux/ 105. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/proll_11.tar.gz 106. mailto:zaitcev@metabyte.com 107. mailto:varol@ulakbim.gov.tr 108. http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/ramdisk_patch 109. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/kernel_config_2_3_99_pre3_mar_17 110. mailto:dubinski@mscs.mu.edu 111. http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/vmlinux_2_3_99pre3_mar_17 112. mailto:dubinski@mscs.mu.edu 113. mailto:varol@ulakbim.gov.tr 114. http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/jsroot_varol.tar.gz 115. http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/petes_dhcpd.conf.txt 116. mailto:zaitcev@metabyte.com 117. mailto:tech@mscs.mu.edu 118. mailto:zaitcev@metabyte.com 119. ftp://corp.metabyte.com/private/linux_roxy/tools/ 120. http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/XF86_FBDev 121. http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/XF86Config 122. http://www.progressive-comp.com/Lists/?l=linux-sparc&r=1&w=2 123. mailto:zaitcev@metabyte.com 124. http://corp.metabyte.com/~zaitcev/linux 125. http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/mr_coffee_front_view.jpg 126. http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/mr_coffee_top_view.jpg 127. http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/mr_coffee_inside_view.jpg 128. http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/mr_coffee_white_case_1.jpg 129. http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/mr_coffee_white_case_2.jpg 130. http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/krups_front_view.jpg 131. http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/krups_side_view.jpg 132. http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/krups_top_view.jpg 133. http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/espresso_front_view.jpg 134. http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/espresso_side_view.jpg 135. http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/espresso_rear_view.jpg 136. http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/espresso_inside_view.jpg 137. http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/je1_overhead_view.jpg 138. http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/javastation_mousepad.jpg 139. http://studsys.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/lab_of_javastations.jpg