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%%   Colon         \:     Semicolon     \;     Less than     \<
%%   Equals        \=     Greater than  \>     Question mark \?
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%
%
% \changes{3.0a}{1994/02/13}{First version for LaTeX2E and docstrip}
%
% \title{Typesetting of Exams for \LaTeX{} version 2e}
%
% \author{%
% Copyright (C) 1994 by Hans van der Meer
% }
%
% \maketitle
% \tableofcontents
%
% \StopEventually{}    ^^A 
%
% \section{Identification}
%
%    This document classes can only be used with \LaTeXe, so we make
%    sure that an appropriate message is displayed when another \TeX{}
%    format is used.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*exam>
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1993/12/01]
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    We store the date, version and name of this file in three control
%    sequences, for future use.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\fileversion{3.0a}
\def\filedate{1994/02/13}
\def\filename{exam.dtx}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    Announce the Class name and its version:
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ProvidesClass{exam}[\filedate\space Production of exams]
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%     And display it on the terminal (and the log file):
%    \begin{macrocode}
\typeout{Standard Document Class `exam' <\filedate>.}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \section{Declaration of Class Options}
%
%    In this part we define the options for this class that are additional
%    to those of its parent class.
%
% \subsection{Switching answers on and off}
%
% The flag |\ifanswers| governs the production of answers in the
% typesetting of problems. With the |answers| options in the
% optional argument of the document class this option is turned on.
% At the same time an output stream is allocated on which a log of the
% problems chosen will appear.
%
% \begin{macro}{\ifanswers}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newif\ifanswers
\DeclareOption{answers}{\answerstrue\newwrite\listfile}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsection{Typesetting a Catalogue of Problems}
%
% The flag |\ifseries| initiates the production of a problem collection.
% In order to show the answers too the |\ifanswer| flag is set, but
% note that in this case no log of problems is produced.
% Consequently on output to the problem log a test on |\ifseries|
% is always necessary.
%
% \begin{macro}{\ifseries}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newif\ifseries
\DeclareOption{series}{\seriestrue\answerstrue}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \section{Loading of Parent Class}
%
% Since the \emph{exam class} is implemented as a modification
% of an existing document class, we must load the parent class.
% However in order to make changes in parent class easy the
% name of this class is parametrized in macro |\parentclass|.
% Obvious candidates are \emph{article} and \emph{report}.
%
% \begin{macro}{\parentclass}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\parentclass{artikel1}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% The options of the |\documentclass| call which are not specific for the
% \emph{exam class} must be passed to the parent class.
% We take the opportunity to select some defaults, e.g.\ the
% point size and the production of a titlepage (not automatically
% added if the parent class is \emph{article}.
% After this we process the local options and load the parent class.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{\parentclass}}
\PassOptionsToClass{titlepage,12pt}{\parentclass}
\ProcessOptions
\LoadClass{\parentclass}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{Loading Additional Packages}
%
% This is the place where additional packages can be loaded.
%
% \section{Producing an Exam}
%
% First we need a counter for exams, since in one run more than
% one exam can be produced.
% By stepping this counter we will effect the automatic reset of
% the counter that numbers the problems and keep the scores.
%
% \begin{macro}{\examnum}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcounter{examnum}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% Exams are produced within the |exam| environment. This environment takes
% 2 parameters. The first is optional and is used for the initialization
% of the random generator.\footnote{Not in use if a series
% is run} The default value is 0, which effectively shuts off the
% randomness.
% The second parameter must be present, but may be empty.
% It fixes the date for which the exam is planned; an empty argument
% fills this with the current date.
%
% \begin{environment}{exam}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newenvironment{exam}[2][0]{%
  \stepcounter{examnum}%
  \@ifemptyarg{#2}{}{\date{#2}}%
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% When a series is run we start with a titlepage.\footnote{%
% If not inhibited by the |notitlepage| option.} 
% In the other cases production of the titlepage is deferred to the end of
% the exam, so that we may print the number of problems it contains.
% When an exam with answers is in production we write a few
% messages to the problem log (date and starting value of the
% random generator).
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \ifseries\SRset{0}\maketitle\else\SRset{#1}%
    \ifanswers
      \immediate\openout\listfile=\jobname.lst
      \immediate\write\listfile{\Exam\space\@date}%
      \immediate\write\listfile{Random generator = \SRvalue}%
  \fi\fi
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% At each separate exam the first page gets the number one.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \setcounter{page}{1}}{%
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% At the end of the exam, if necessary,
% a list of problems and a titlepage are produced.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \ifseries\else
    \ifanswers\makelist\fi
    \maketitle
  \fi}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{environment}
%
% \subsection{Problem listing}
%
% The next macro typesets the list of problems chosen.
% It also contains the score values for each problem and
% a cumulative total of them.
% The typesetting of this list is extremely primitive.
% One minor note: the reading of the list is bracketed by
% |\makeatletter| and |\makeatother| in order not to choke
% in the |@| characters in its macro calls.
%
% \begin{macro}{\makelist}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\makelist{%    
  \immediate\closeout\listfile
  \immediate\openin\listfile=\jobname.lst
  \newpage
  \begin{ttfamily}
    \parskip=\z@skip\parindent=\z@
    \obeylines
    \makeatletter
    \InputIfFileExists{\jobname.lst}%
      {}{\typeout{ERROR! File \jobname.lst not found}}%
    \makeatother
  \end{ttfamily}
  \immediate\closein\listfile
  \newpage}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \section{Choice of Problems}
%
% We start with a counter |\problemnum| with which the problems
% of the exam are neatly numbered. This counter is automatically
% reset each time a new |exam| environment is entered.
% A second representation of the current problem is collected
% in token register |\problemid|.
%
% \begin{macro}{\problemnum}
% \begin{macro}{\problemid}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcounter{problemnum}[examnum]
\newtoks\problemid
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% Each question resides in its own file, which is called up
% |\question|. Of its three parameters the first is
% optional and provides a means of communication with the
% problem itself. To achieve this the first 
% argument of |\question| is cached 
% in macro |\parameter|. As most uses of this mechanism
% boil down to a choice between several alternatives, the
% number~1 is provided as a convenient default value.
% The second parameter is the name of the (sub)directory
% where the file named in the third parameter can be found.
% The second parameter doubles up as section name in the
% series production.\footnote{It is silently assumed
% that all problems of a given category reside in a common
% directory.}
%
% \begin{macro}{\question}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\question[3][]{%
  \renewcommand\parameter{#1}%
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% When a series is run we look for the start of a new section and
% perform the appropriate actions if indeed a new section is found.
% I.e.\ eject the page and then reset the section name 
% and the problem counter.
% Note the use of uppercase in order to smooth out differences
% in typing.
% The identification of the problem is set to its file name and,
% in the case of a series, is mentioned in the output.
% Then the problem number is incremented. 
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \ifseries
    \uppercase{\def\@namesection{#2}}%
    \ifx\namesection\@namesection
    \else
      \newpage
      \global\let\namesection=\@namesection
      \addcontentsline{toc}{subsection}{\namesection}%
      \setcounter{problemnum}{0}%
    \fi   
  \fi
  \problemid={\uppercase{#3}}%
  \ifseries
    \noindent\underbar{\emph{File\,:}~\texttt{\the\problemid}}\par
    \nobreak\medskip\nobreak
  \fi
  \stepcounter{problemnum}%
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% The reading of the problem itself is surrounded by calculations
% on the score that this question will bring.
% Scores are mentioned on the console except when a series is run.
% In a problem all contributions from the various parts of the
% problem are collected in counter |scorecounter|.
% At the end of the problem |totalscore| is 
% updated with this value.\footnote{%
% Note the resets for |totalscore| with |examnum|
% and |scorecounter| with |problemnum| in their declaration.}
% The code guards against typing errors in the name of the file.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \IfFileExists{\mainfolder#2:#3}{\@@input \mainfolder#2:#3}%
    {\typeout{ERROR! File \mainfolder#2:#3 not found \on@line}}%
  \ifseries\else
    \addtocounter{totalscore}{\value{scorecounter}}%
    \typeout{\Problem\ \theproblemnum: %
      score=\thescorecounter (\thetotalscore)}%
  \fi
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% If appropriate a summary of this problem is written to the problem log.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \ifseries\else\ifanswers
    \immediate\write\listfile{\hbox to\textwidth{%
      \hbox to1cm{\theproblemnum:~\hfil}%
      \hbox to8cm{#2:#3\hfil}%
      \hbox to3cm{score=\thetotalscore (\thescorecounter)\hfil}%
      \hfil}}%
  \fi\fi}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% Macro |\namesection| gets its initial value here:
%
% \begin{macro}{namesection}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\namesection{}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsection{Parametrized Problems}
%
% A parametrized problem gets its parameter from the first
% argument of macro |\question|, as already have been mentioned.
% The mechanism is definition of macro |\parameter| to
% the value of that argument. We initialize this macro
% in order to guarantee safe use of |\renewcommand| later on.
%
% \begin{macro}{\parameter}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\parameter{}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% It is recommended that the macro |\parameterproblem| is
% placed right at the start of the file that contains the problem.
% This macro will typeset its second argument in a framed box.
% Usually it tells the reader which options are available; that is,
% only if a series is run, otherwise `silence' is the word.
% The first argument is optional and can be used as default value
% for |\parameter|. The default value for this default is the
% number~1, as already has been mentioned above.
%
% The description is placed in a framed parbox, hanging with an indent
% from the intro text.
% 
% \begin{macro}{\parameterproblem}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\parameterproblem[2][1]{%
  \ifseries
    \begin{center}%
    \fbox{\parbox{.9\linewidth}{%
      \hangafter1
      \settowidth{\hangindent}{\emph{Parameter \Problem\,:}~}%
      \strut\emph{Parameter \Problem\,:}~#2}}%
    \end{center}\addvspace{5mm}%
  \fi
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% If the value of |\parameter| is empty, then nothing has been passed
% from command |\question|. As we have a parametrized problem here,
% this is most likely an error. Therefore a warning is sent to the console.
% In order to go on with the processing |\parameter| gets a default
% value, either the one given in the call of |\parameterproblem|
% or the `default-default'.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \ifx\parameter\@empty
    \typeout{ERROR! Missing parameter \on@line}%
    \def\parameter{#1}% supplies a default
  \fi}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% 
% \section{Typesetting a Problem}
%
% Each problem must be enclosed in an environment |problem|.
% Within this environment a default setup exists.
% By supplying code in token register |\everyproblem| one
% can influence the typesetting of each problem.
%
% \begin{macro}{\everyproblem}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newtoks\everyproblem
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% The |problem| environment also has one optional parameter
% for specific adjustments of the options setting.
% Execution of options occurs in the order:
% default setup, possible modification by |\everyproblem| and
% final customization through the optional parameter.
% This mechanism provides for maximum flexibility.
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{environment}{problem}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newenvironment{problem}[1][]{%
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Calling of options is guarded by a mechanism that makes them
% active when necessary. Only when the switch |\if@tagsforbid|
% is set false has calling of such an option any effect.
%
% Choose by default for keeping the whole problem on a page,
% execute any code in the token register and honor the
% option calls from the user. Finally shut off option processing.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \@tagsforbidfalse\compact\the\everyproblem#1\@tagsforbidtrue
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% In order to keep everything on page we will enclose
% the problem in a vbox, coded in
% macro |\@boxing|. Otherwise |\@boxing| is a noop and
% \TeX's pagebuilder can choose its breakpoint freely.
%
% The problem is typeset with a standard opening
% programmed in |\problemstart|, completing the
% opening manoeuvres of the environment.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \@boxing\bgroup\noindent\problemstart\ignorespaces}%
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% After processing the body of the problem some postprocessing follows
% and the possible vbox is closed by an |\egroup|.
%
% In particular a visual separation from the next problem is added.
% In the case of series production the origin date
% of the problem is added too.\footnote{Only if it has been
% provided to it by the proper macro call, of course.}
% The origin date is then cleared for the next problem.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
  {\par\nobreak\smallskip\nobreak
  \hbox to\linewidth{\hrulefill
    \ifseries\emph{\footnotesize\thinspace\the\@problemdate}\fi}%
  \egroup\par\bigskip\@resetproblemdate}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{environment}
% 
% \subsection{Code for Options to Problem}
%
% The options to |problem| are |\compact| or |\split|. 
% These options govern the possibility for the problem 
% to be split between successive pages or the necessity 
% to keep everything on page; the last one being the 
% favoured behaviour in this implementation.
% Note the |\noident| before the |\vbox| that prevents
% an unwanted shift to the right.
% 
% \begin{macro}{\compact}
% \begin{macro}{\split}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\compact{\@chktag\compact\def\@boxing{\noindent\vbox}\fi}
\newcommand\split{\@chktag\split\def\@boxing{}\@empty\fi}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsubsection{Coding Environments Options}
%
% The |\@chktag| macro is provided to the code just in case
% it is not already present in the system.
% Note the open ended |\if...\else| which will be closed
% by a |\fi| in the option definition.
%
% \begin{macro}{\if@tagsforbid}
% \begin{macro}{\@chktag}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newif\if@tagsforbid \@tagsforbidtrue
\providecommand\@chktag[1]{%
  \if@tagsforbid\@warning{tag \string#1\space ignored here}\else}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsection{Numbering the Problem}
%
% A problem gets a standard opening clause, coded in
% macro |\@problemstart|. The opening code is used to
% format the first paragraph with a nice indentation.\footnote{%
% This indentation is also used in the left margin in multiple
% choice listings in order to limit the variation in margins.}
%
% \begin{macro}{\@problemstart}
% \begin{macro}{\problemstart}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\@problemstart{%
  \textbo{\Problem\,\ifnum\value{problemnum}<10 \phantom{0}\fi
  \theproblemnum}.\enskip}
\newcommand\problemstart{%
  \hangafter-2\settowidth\hangindent{\@problemstart}%
  \noindent\llap{\@problemstart}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsection{Date of Origin}
%
% The user may specify an original date or date of last change
% for the problem to be printed when a series is produced.
% The global assignments are here just in case things happen in
% a deeper nested level.
%
% \begin{macro}{\@problemdate}
% \begin{macro}{\problemdate}
% \begin{macro}{\@resetproblemdate}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newtoks\@problemdate
\newcommand\problemdate[1]{\global\@problemdate={#1}\ignorespaces}
\newcommand\@resetproblemdate{\global\@problemdate={}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsection{Score Values}
%
% Associated with each problem are of course the benefits the
% student receives for a good answer to (part of) the problem.
% The |\score| macro exists for this purpose.
% If answers are not included, just an empty square is printed
% into which the teacher can express his satisfaction with
% the answer given. When answers are included in the printout
% the each call |\score{value}| shows up in the right margin
% of the document.\footnote{At the end of each problem a summary
% of its total score plus a grand total are presented
% on the console.}
%
% These counters collect the values. Note that |\totalscore|
% is reset for each new exam and |\scorecounter| for each problem.
%
% \begin{macro}{\totalscore}
% \begin{macro}{\scorecounter}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcounter{totalscore}[examnum]
\newcounter{scorecounter}[problemnum]
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% The next commands are used for the production of the box
% for the score value.
%
% \begin{macro}{\scoreboxsize}
% \begin{macro}{\scorebox}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\scoreboxsize{7mm}
\newcommand\scorebox[1]{%
  \fbox{\vbox to\scoreboxsize{\vss\hbox to\scoreboxsize{\hss#1\hss}\vss}}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% Finally the next code puts the score box on paper.
% It takes the value of the score as its argument and adds
% it to the running sum for this problem.
%
% \begin{macro}{\score}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\score[1]{%
  \addtocounter{scorecounter}{#1}%
  \rightnote[-\normalbaselineskip]{\scorebox{\ifanswers#1\fi}}%
  \ignorespaces}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsubsection{Placing a Note in the Margin}
%
% We do not use |\marginpar| for the placement of the score values,
% because we do not want these items wandering around, as
% \LaTeX's |\marginpar|'s sometimes do.
% The optional argument to the |..note| macros specifies
% a vertical amount to be skipped in the placement of the note.
% We use |\providecommand| because we may have them
% incorporated already in other packages.
% Note the |\noident| before the |\vadjust| that also
% leaves vmode for the benefit of the |\vadjust|.
%
% \begin{macro}{\leftnote}
% \begin{macro}{\rightnote}
% \begin{macro}{\@rlnote}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\providecommand\leftnote[1][\z@skip]{\@rlnote l{#1}}
\providecommand\rightnote[1][\z@skip]{\@rlnote r{#1}}
\providecommand\@rlnote[3]{%
  \noindent\vadjust{\vbox to\z@{%
    \vskip#2\leftskip\z@skip\rightskip\z@skip\noindent
    \if#1l\llap{#3\hskip\marginparsep}%
    \else\hfill\rlap{\hskip\marginparsep#3}\fi
    \vss\vskip\z@skip}}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \section{Answers}
%
% In this section various ways of typesetting answers are provided.
%
% We start with two definitions for long and short stretches of white
% space. These are meant for leaving room for the students answer.
%
% \begin{macro}{\longwhite}
% \begin{macro}{\shortwhite}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\longwhite{25mm}
\newcommand\shortwhite{8mm}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsection{Intro to Answer}
%
% Just as with the typesetting of the problem, we provide
% a macro to start an answer. Note how the text is
% parametrized in order to keep switching to other
% languages simple.
%
% \begin{macro}{\answerstart}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\answerstart{\emph{\Answer}:\enspace}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsubsection{Switching Answer On and Off}
% 
% Macro call |\answer| holds the answer and shows it when
% answers are requested. The optional argument specifies
% a width for the hbox into which the typesetting takes places.
% The answer is centered; change it with |\hfil|'s. It will
% be implemented in terms of the next macro.

% \begin{macro}{\answer}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\answer[2][]{\altanswer[#1]{}{#2}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsection{Alternating Some Stuff and Answer}
% 
% With |\altanswer| the text alternates between two possibilities:
% the first one when suppressing answers, the second
% for the opposite case. Optional width argument and placement
% same as for |\answer|.
%
% \begin{macro}{\altanswer}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\altanswer[3][]{%
  \@ifemptyarg{#1}%
    {\mbox{\ifanswers#3\fi}}%
    {\leavevmode\hbox to#1{\hss\ifanswers#3\else#2\fi\hss}}%
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsection{Problem with a Short Answer}
% 
% A question ``Give a short answer to \ldots'' is formatted
% in |\shortanswer|. Usually the answer will fit on one line.
% In the exam a row of dots is produced, otherwise the answer will show.
% The optional argument provides the width of the box into which
% the data are typeset.
%
% \begin{macro}{\shortanswer}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\shortanswer[2][.75\linewidth]{\par
  \ifanswers
    \addvspace{\smallskipamount}%
    \noindent\answerstart\parbox[t]{#1}{#2}%
  \else 
    \addvspace{\shortwhite}%
    \noindent\answerstart\hbox to#1{\dotfill}\fi
  \par}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsection{Problem with a Long Answer}
% 
% For elaborate questions, problems, etc.\ an environment is available.
% The |longanswer| takes as optional argument the length
% of white to be reserved for the student.
%
% Code for opening of the environment. 
% It opens a box in order to let the answer disappear
% and places a rule in order to guarantee sufficient
% white space.
%
% \begin{environment}{longanswer}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newenvironment{longanswer}[1][\longwhite]{
  \par\addvspace{\medskipamount}%
  \noindent\answerstart\par\nobreak
  \ifanswers\else
    \hrule\@height#1\@width\z@\par
    \setbox\z@\vbox\bgroup
       \leavevmode
   \fi}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Aftermath of |longanswer|. If necessary close the box
% and empty it to get rid of the answer.
%    \begin{macrocode}
      {\ifanswers\else\egroup\setbox\z@\hbox{}\fi}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{environment}
%
% \section{Multiple Choice Questions}
%
% Multiple choice problems must be placed
% in an |choice| environment, a modification
% of |itemize|.
%
% \subsection{Remembering and Counting Items}
%
% We will make it possible to shuffle the items of a multiple
% choice problem randomly. These items are held in a series
% of token registers declared below.
%
% We need a counter into which to keep the number of items
% at any time loaded into the token registers declared above.
% Also we provide for resetting, incrementing and decrementing
% of this register. Note the global assignments.
%
% \begin{macro}{\loadcounter}
% \begin{macro}{\resetloadcounter}
% \begin{macro}{\incloadcounter}
% \begin{macro}{\decloadcounter}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcount\loadcounter
\newcommand\resetloadcounter{\global\loadcounter\z@}
\newcommand\incloadcounter{\global\advance\loadcounter\@ne}
\newcommand\decloadcounter{\global\advance\loadcounter\m@ne}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsection{Adapting List Parameters}
%
% We want a specific behaviour when the list of items is typeset.
% However, we cannot be sure at which listlevel this will occur.
% Therefore we predeclare a replacement for |\@listi|, |@listii|,
% or whatsoever, and swap the |\@list..| at the right time.
% Note the choice for the leftside margin, derived from the
% width of the text with which the problem starts. This choice
% diminishes the number of different margins. It is easily adapted
% to your own taste.
%
% \begin{macro}{\@listk}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\@listk{%
  \settowidth{\leftmargin}{\@problemstart}%
  \topsep\medskipamount
  \partopsep\z@
  \itemsep\smallskipamount
  \parsep\z@}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsection{Typesetting Multiple Choice}
%
% The multiple choice environment |choice| takes one argument,
% the modifier options to the environment typesetting.
% Here the options are |\random| and |\ordered|; the names
% speak for themselves. Note that random permutation is not
% executed if a series is run. Furthermore the counter
% for the number of items loaded is reset.
%
% \begin{environment}{choice}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newenvironment{choice}[1][]{%
  \@tagsforbidfalse\ifanswers\ordered\else\random\fi#1\@tagsforbidtrue
  \resetloadcounter
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% The following code is taken from \LaTeX's |itemize|.
% I did not find a more elegant way to bend this environment
% to my whims.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \ifnum\@itemdepth>3 \@toodeep \else
  \advance\@itemdepth\@ne
  \expandafter\let
    \csname @list\romannumeral\the\@itemdepth\endcsname=\@listk
  \list{\badmark}{\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1}}}%
  \fi}%
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% At the end of |choice| we dump all the items that may have been
% collected inbetween and finish the |list|.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
  {\@dumpitems\endlist}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{environment}
% 
% \subsection{Code for Options to Choice}
%
% The option |\random| codes macros |\@loaditem| and
% |\@dumpitems| so that the items are actually loaded,
% then shuffled and dumped afterwards.
% The |\ordered| option makes them noops and thus the
% items will be typeset on the fly.
%
% \begin{macro}{\random}
% \begin{macro}{\ordered}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\random{\@chktag\random
    \def\@loaditem{\loaditem}%
    \def\@dumpitems{\shuffle\dumpitems}%
  \fi}
\newcommand\ordered{\@chktag\ordered
    \def\@loaditem{}%
    \def\@dumpitems{}%
  \fi}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% 
% \subsection{Formatting the Item Mark}
%
% We require two marks: one for the bad guys and one
% for the good guy. We use two symbols from
% the AMSa font, |\square| = |\symbol{3}| and
% |\checksquare| = |\symbol{2}|. Declared for example by
%    \begin{macrocode}
% \DeclareMathSymbol\square{\mathord}{AMSa}{'003}
% \DeclareMathSymbol\checksquare{\mathord}{AMSa}{'002}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% However, we make this code
% as portable as possible and provide for 
% standard \LaTeX{} replacements
% if these macros are not defined in the system.
%
% \begin{macro}{\square}
% \begin{macro}{\checksquare}
% \begin{macro}{\badmark}
% \begin{macro}{\goodmark}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\providecommand\square{\bigcirc}
\providecommand\checksquare{\surd}
\newcommand\badmark{$\square$}
\newcommand\goodmark{\ifanswers$\checksquare$\else\badmark\fi}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% Each item can either be right or wrong. We take the precaution
% to suppress the difference when typesetting the actual exam.
% Enclose each item in your list in the argument to
% |\gooditem| and |\baditem|. They
% will load the item in memory prior to (possible) random shuffling.
%
% \begin{macro}{\baditem}
% \begin{macro}{\gooditem}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\baditem[1]{\@loaditem{\item[\badmark]#1}}
\newcommand\gooditem[1]{\@loaditem{\item[\goodmark]#1}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsection{Loading and Dumping Items}
%
% This series of token registers
% can hold five alternatives. The mechanism that loads the
% items is sufficiently general to use it for other purposes too.
% Use your imagination!
% That there are five of them is remembered in a definition
% because we will need this number to prevent overfilling the store.
%
% \begin{macro}{\@itemA}
% \begin{macro}{\@itemB}
% \begin{macro}{\@itemC}
% \begin{macro}{\@itemD}
% \begin{macro}{\@itemE}
% \begin{macro}{\@itemstore}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newtoks\@itemA
\newtoks\@itemB
\newtoks\@itemC
\newtoks\@itemD
\newtoks\@itemE
\newcommand\@itemstore{5}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% According to the value of |loadcounter| the token registers
% |\@itemA|, etc.\ are filled. Argument to macro |\loaditem|
% is the contents of the item.
%
% \begin{macro}{\loaditem}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\loaditem[1]{%
  \ifcase\loadcounter
    \@itemA={#1}%
    \or\@itemB={#1}%
    \or\@itemC={#1}%
    \or\@itemD={#1}%
    \or\@itemE={#1}%
  \fi
  \ifnum\loadcounter<\@itemstore \incloadcounter
  \else\typeout{ERROR! previous item dumped, too many\on@line}\fi}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% Produce the items that were loaded.
% With |\dumpitem| the last one comes out,
% with |\dumpitems| the whole lot is dumped.
%
% \begin{macro}{\dumpitem}
% \begin{macro}{\dumpitems}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\dumpitem{%
  \ifcase\loadcounter
    \or\the\@itemA
    \or\the\@itemB
    \or\the\@itemC
    \or\the\@itemD
    \or\the\@itemE
  \fi\decloadcounter}
\newcommand\dumpitems{\@whilenum\loadcounter>\z@\do{\dumpitem}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsubsection{Shuffling Items}
%
% This macro permutes |loadcounter| items in the
% token registers |\@itemA|, etc. Undoubtedly it
% can be done better, but who's perfect?
%
% \begin{macro}{\shuffle}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\shuffle{%
  \ifcase\loadcounter
    \or
    \or\shuffle@ii
    \or\shuffle@\@itemA\@itemC \shuffle@ii \shuffle@\@itemB\@itemC
    \or\shuffle@iv
    \or\shuffle@\@itemD\@itemE \shuffle@iv \shuffle@\@itemD\@itemE
    \fi
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% Random interchange of two and four items.
%
% \begin{macro}{\@item@}
% \begin{macro}{\shuffle@}
% \begin{macro}{\shuffle@ii}
% \begin{macro}{\shuffle@iv}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newtoks\@item@
\newcommand\shuffle@[2]{\SRtest{}{\@item@=#1 #1=#2 #2=\@item@}}
\newcommand\shuffle@ii{\shuffle@\@itemA\@itemB}
\newcommand\shuffle@iv{%
  \SRtest{\shuffle@\@itemA\@itemB}{\shuffle@\@itemC\@itemD}%
  \SRtest{\shuffle@\@itemA\@itemC}{\shuffle@\@itemB\@itemD}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsubsection{Random Generator Implementation}
%
% Not much commentary with these macros. They are
% described in the first issue of Tugboat~1994.
%
% \begin{macro}{\@SR}
% \begin{macro}{\@SRconst}
% \begin{macro}{\SRset}
% \begin{macro}{\@SRadvance}
% \begin{macro}{\SRbit}
% \begin{macro}{\SRtest}
% \begin{macro}{\SRvalue}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ifx\@SR\undefined\newcount\@SR\fi
\providecommand\@SRconst{2097152}
\providecommand\SRset[1]{\global\@SR#1\relax}
\providecommand\@SRadvance{%
  \begingroup
  \ifnum\@SR<\@SRconst\relax\count@\z@\else\count@\@ne\fi
  \ifodd\@SR\advance\count@\@ne\fi
  \global\divide\@SR\tw@
  \ifodd\count@\global\advance\@SR\@SRconst\relax\fi
  \endgroup}
\providecommand\SRbit{\@SRadvance\ifodd\@SR1\else0\fi}
\providecommand\SRtest[2]{\@SRadvance\ifodd\@SR#2\else#1\fi}
\providecommand\SRvalue{\number\@SR }
\SRset{0}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \section{Styling}
%
% \subsection{The Page Style}
%
% As default style |headings| is chosen.
% However the appearance is altered a bit.
%
% \begin{macro}{\thehead}
% \begin{macro}{\ps@headings}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\thehead{%
  \slshape\@title\enspace\upshape:\enspace
  \ifseries\namesection\else\@date\fi}
\renewcommand\ps@headings{%
  \let\@oddfoot\@empty
  \let\@evenfoot\@empty
  \renewcommand\@oddhead{%
    \vbox{%
    \hbox to\textwidth{\headerfont\thehead\hfil\upshape\thepage}%
    \vskip1.5\p@
    \hrule\@height.5\p@\@width\textwidth
    }}%
  \let\@evenhead\@oddhead}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsection{The Titlepage}
%
% With target we denote the group of students for whom
% the exam is meant. Define with |\target| and call up
% with |\@target|.
%
% \begin{macro}{\target}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\target[1]{\gdef\@target{#1}}\def\@target{}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% The titlepage is set by a redefined |\maketitle|. Of course
% this will be suppressed if the |notitlepage| option is given
% on the |\documentclass| call.
% Don't hesistate to adapt the blahblah to your own style.
%
% The |\Copyright| is a dummy; an example of a redefinition is:
%    \begin{macrocode}
% \renewcommand\Copyright{%
%    \InputIfFileExists{\Commonfolder copyright}%
%      {}{\typeout{No file 'copyright' present}}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \begin{macro}{\Copyright}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\Copyright{}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\maketitle}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\renewcommand\maketitle{%
\if@titlepage\begin{titlepage}
  \begin{center}\titlefont
    \vspace*{1cm}%
    \mbox{}\rule{2cm}{0.4pt}\mbox{}\par
    \addvspace{1cm}%
    \begin{Large}
      \textbf{\ifseries\Collection\else\Exam\fi}\\[10mm]
    \end{Large}
    \begin{large}
      \@title\\[5mm]
      \ifseries\@author\else\@target\fi\\[5mm]
      \@date\\[10mm]
    \end{large}
    \mbox{}\rule{2cm}{0.4pt}\mbox{}\par
    \addvspace{2cm}%
  \ifseries
    \vfill\vfill
    \begin{flushleft}%
      \Copyright
    \end{flushleft}%
  \else\ifanswers
      \begin{huge}\Answers\end{huge}\par
    \else
      \begin{minipage}{.75\textwidth}%
      \raggedright\parindent\medskipamount
        Naam:\enspace\dotfill\null\par
        Adres:\enspace\dotfill\null\par
        Plaats:\enspace\dotfill\null\par
        Collegekaart:\enspace\dotfill\null\par
        \vspace{1cm}%
        \begin{itemize}%
        \item Zonder geldige collegekaart wordt geen
          tentamenbriefje uitgereikt.
        \item U wordt met nadruk verzocht om een
          \emph{leesbaar} schrift; wat niet leesbaar
          is, wordt fout gerekend.
        \item Denk erom losse vellen tentamenpapier
          van Uw naam en collegekaartnummer te voorzien;
          gebruik blokletters voor de leesbaarheid.
        \item Dit tentamen telt \theproblemnum\ opgaven
        \end{itemize}%
      \end{minipage}\\[10mm]
      \GoodLuck\par
    \fi
  \fi
  \end{center}%
\end{titlepage}\fi}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \section{Miscellaneous}
%
% \subsection{Language Adjustments}
%
% A small problem arose with the Babel system.
% If a language is not defined with |\addlanguage| an
% |\errmessage| interfers with the smooth processing.
% We avoid this problem with the following macro.
%
% \begin{macro}{\onlanguage}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\onlanguage[4]{% {current}{existing}{not existing}
  \expandafter\ifx\csname l@#1\endcsname\relax
  #4\else
    \ifnum\csname l@#1\endcsname=\language #2%
    \else#3\fi
  \fi}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsubsection{English}
%
% Put here all english equivalents.
% \begin{macro}{\englishExamNames}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\englishExamNames{%
  \newcommand\Answers{ANSWERS}%
  \newcommand\Answer{Answer}%
  \newcommand\GoodLuck{Good luck!}%
  \newcommand\Exam{EXAM}%
  \newcommand\Collection{COLLECTION OF EXAMS}%
  \newcommand\Problem{Problem}%
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% If appropriate set one of these languages at the start of the document.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\AtBeginDocument{\onlanguage{english}{\englishExamNames}{}{}}
\AtBeginDocument{\onlanguage{american}{\englishExamNames}{}{}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsubsection{Dutch}
%
% Put here all dutch equivalents.
%
% \begin{macro}{\englishExamNames}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\dutchExamNames{%
  \newcommand\Answers{ANTWOORDEN}%
  \newcommand\Answer{Antwoord}%
  \newcommand\GoodLuck{Veel succes!}%
  \newcommand\Exam{TENTAMEN}%
  \newcommand\Collection{TENTAMENBUNDEL}%
  \newcommand\Problem{Opgave}%
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% If appropriate set this language at the start of the document.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\AtBeginDocument{\onlanguage{dutch}{\dutchExamNames}{}{}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsubsection{Private Language Dependent Specialties}
%
% \begin{macro}{\fullanswer}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\fullanswer{Geef de volledige afleiding; %
  slechts het antwoord vermelden wordt \emph{niet} goed gerekend.}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsection{Macros That May Be Missing}
%
% I like bold more than bold extended (small hack to mf-files), but
% if you don't have bold, replace it by bold extended.
%
% \begin{macro}{\textbo}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\providecommand\textbo{\textbf}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% Testing for the presence or absence of a parameter.
%
% \begin{macro}{\@ifemptyarg}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\providecommand\@ifemptyarg[1]{% {absence}{presence}
  \ifx\@empty#1\@empty
  \expandafter\@firstoftwo\else\expandafter\@secondoftwo\fi}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \section{Initializations}
%
% \subsection{Pagestyle}
%
% Initialize the pagestyle.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\pagestyle{headings}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{Page Layout and Fonts}
%
% I like a somewhat more efficient use of the paper surface
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\addtolength{\topmargin}{-15mm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{35mm}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% And allow more stretch in the lines,
% encourage pagebreaking at paragraphs,
% more strongly discourage widows
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\tolerance=2000
\hbadness=2000
\emergencystretch=2mm
\interlinepenalty=1000
\widowpenalty 1000
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Fonts for pageheader, body of the text and on the titlepage.
%
% \begin{macro}{\headerfont}
% \begin{macro}{\bodyfont}
% \begin{macro}{\titlefont}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\headerfont{\rmfamily\small}
\newcommand\bodyfont{\sffamily}
\newcommand\titlefont{\rmfamily\upshape}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% And initialize
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\bodyfont
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{Directory Localization}
%
% Specify folders (directories) for the main source,
% a common folder for related material and a folder
% for e.g.\ EPSF figures etc.
%
% \begin{macro}{\Mainfolder}
% \begin{macro}{\Commonfolder}
% \begin{macro}{\Figuresfolder}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\Mainfolder[1]{\def\mainfolder{#1}}
\newcommand\Commonfolder[1]{\def\commonfolder{#1}}
\newcommand\Figuresfolder[1]{\def\figuresfolder{#1}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% Initialize them
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\Mainfolder{\@currdir}
\Commonfolder{\@currdir}
\Figuresfolder{\@currdir}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{Configuration File}
%
% Last, but not least, see if there is a configuration
% file \emph{exam.cfg} and read it for the final adjustments.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\InputIfFileExists{exam.cfg}{}{}
%</exam>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \section{The documentation driver file}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*driver>
\documentclass{ltxdoc}
%    \begin{end}
%
%    We use the document class provided by the \LaTeXe distribution
%    for producing the documentation.
%
%    We don't want everything to appear in the index
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DoNotIndex{\',\.,\@M,\@@input,\@addtoreset,\@arabic,\@badmath}
\DoNotIndex{\@centercr,\@cite}
\DoNotIndex{\@dotsep,\@empty,\@float,\@gobble,\@gobbletwo,\@ignoretrue}
\DoNotIndex{\@input,\@ixpt,\@m}
\DoNotIndex{\@minus,\@mkboth,\@ne,\@nil,\@nomath,\@plus,\@set@topoint}
\DoNotIndex{\@tempboxa,\@tempcnta,\@tempdima,\@tempdimb}
\DoNotIndex{\@tempswafalse,\@tempswatrue,\@viipt,\@viiipt,\@vipt}
\DoNotIndex{\@vpt,\@warning,\@xiipt,\@xipt,\@xivpt,\@xpt,\@xviipt}
\DoNotIndex{\@xxpt,\@xxvpt,\\,\ ,\addpenalty,\addtolength,\addvspace}
\DoNotIndex{\advance,\Alph,\alph}
\DoNotIndex{\arabic,\ast,\begin,\begingroup,\bfseries,\bgroup,\box}
\DoNotIndex{\bullet}
\DoNotIndex{\cdot,\cite,\CodelineIndex,\cr,\day,\DeclareOption}
\DoNotIndex{\def,\DisableCrossrefs,\divide,\DocInput,\documentclass}
\DoNotIndex{\DoNotIndex,\egroup,\else,\em,\endtrivlist}
\DoNotIndex{\EnableCrossrefs,\end,\end@dblfloat,\end@float,\endgroup}
\DoNotIndex{\endlist,\everycr,\everypar,\ExecuteOptions,\expandafter}
\DoNotIndex{\fbox,\fi}
\DoNotIndex{\filedate,\filename,\fileversion,\fontsize,\framebox,\gdef}
\DoNotIndex{\global,\halign,\hangindent,\hbox,\hfil,\hfill,\hrule}
\DoNotIndex{\hsize,\hskip\hspace,\hss,\if@tempswa,\ifcase,\ifdim}
\DoNotIndex{\ifhmode,\ifvmode,\ifnum,\iftrue,\ifx,\input}
\DoNotIndex{\jobname,\kern,\leavevmode,\let,\leftmark}
\DoNotIndex{\list,\llap,\long,\m@ne,\m@th,\mark,\markboth,\markright}
\DoNotIndex{\month,\newcommand,\newcounter,\newenvironment,\newif}
\DoNotIndex{\NeedsTeXFormat,\newdimen}
\DoNotIndex{\newlength,\newpage,\nobreak,\noindent,\null,\number}
\DoNotIndex{\numberline,\OldMakeindex,\OnlyDescription,\or,\p@}
\DoNotIndex{\pagestyle,\par,\paragraph,\paragraphmark,\parfillskip}
\DoNotIndex{\penalty,\PrintChanges,\PrintIndex,\ProcessOptions}
\DoNotIndex{\protect,\ProvidesClass,\raggedbottom,\raggedright}
\DoNotIndex{\refstepcounter,\relax,\renewcommand,\reset@font}
\DoNotIndex{\rightmargin,\rightmark,\rightskip,\rlap,\rmfamily,\roman}
\DoNotIndex{\roman,\secdef,\selectfont,\setbox,\setcounter,\setlength}
\DoNotIndex{\settowidth,\sfcode,\skip,\sloppy,\slshape,\space}
\DoNotIndex{\symbol,\the,\trivlist,\typeout,\tw@,\undefined,\uppercase}
\DoNotIndex{\usecounter,\usefont,\usepackage,\vfil,\vfill,\viiipt}
\DoNotIndex{\viipt,\vipt,\vskip,\vspace}
\DoNotIndex{\wd,\xiipt,\year,\z@}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    We do want an index, using linenumbers
%    \begin{macrocode}
\EnableCrossrefs % comment out if index is ready
\DisableCrossrefs
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    We also want the full details.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\RecordChanges                  % Gather update information
%\OnlyDescription  % comment out for implementation details
%
% start up the body of the document
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\tolerance=2000
\hbadness=2000
\emergencystretch=2mm
\begin{document}
  \DocInput{exam.dtx}
  \PrintIndex
  \PrintChanges
\end{document}
%</driver>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \Finale
%
\endinput
%
%% \CharacterTable
%%  {Upper-case    \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
%%   Lower-case    \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
%%   Digits        \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
%%   Exclamation   \!     Double quote  \"     Hash (number) \#
%%   Dollar        \$     Percent       \%     Ampersand     \&
%%   Acute accent  \'     Left paren    \(     Right paren   \)
%%   Asterisk      \*     Plus          \+     Comma         \,
%%   Minus         \-     Point         \.     Solidus       \/
%%   Colon         \:     Semicolon     \;     Less than     \<
%%   Equals        \=     Greater than  \>     Question mark \?
%%   Commercial at \@     Left bracket  \[     Backslash     \\
%%   Right bracket \]     Circumflex    \^     Underscore    \_
%%   Grave accent  \`     Left brace    \{     Vertical bar  \|
%%   Right brace   \}     Tilde         \~}
\endinput