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—½oŸÿºyŽ‘·³]ŽŽŽ‘•¤»]Ÿ÷æb¸ŽŽŽ‘€Ÿ÷æbŽŽŽ‘ ª­»<¼xshift˜»,¼yshift˜»>Ÿ÷æb¸ŽŽŽ‘€»at“¼xc–ÿ}'o“or“dŽ‘&Éßyc–ÿ}'o“or“dŽŽŽŸè6‘ï³First–i…of“all,‘n’notice“the“matcš¸ãhed“pairs“of“thin“brac˜k˜ets:‘š(Ÿ÷æb¸ŽŽŽ‘ o‚Ÿ÷æbŽŽŽ‘³³and“[ŽŽŽ‘ÛP]ŽŽŽ‘ 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€ŽŽ  ýîŸ!uä‘ï²APPENDICESŽŸè‘ïó cmsl9¿A.‘ŸþANSWERS–TTO“ALL“THE“EXER¾9CISESŽ¤vS‘ódOó cmbx9À1.Ž‘µUn¾9told–Thours“of“frustration.Ž¡‘ódOÀ2.Ž‘µThe–åƒreference“pšAÇoin¾9t“of“the“ rst“system“is“at“its“origin,‘ïwhile“the“reference“p˜oin¾9tŽ¤ ‘ïof–ê;the“second“system“is“20“¶xµ-units“to“the“left“of“its“origin.‘›&Since“1“¶xµ-unit“in“theŽ¡‘ïsecond–+ system“amoun¾9ts“to“10“pts,‘14the“origin“of“the“second“system“is“200“pts“to“theŽ¡‘ïrigh¾9t–Tof“that“of“the“ rst“system.ŽŸvS‘ódOÀ3.Ž‘µ(1)–µHe“should“ha•¾9v“e–µomitted“the“ó cmtt9Á[µ's“and“Á]µ's.‘È;(He“presumably“skimmed“SubsectionŽ¡‘ï1.1–õ?and“so“misinš¾9terpreted“the“³[ŽŽŽ‘G ]ŽŽŽ‘ &µ's“that“appAÇear“in“the“statemen˜t“of“the“syn˜tax“of“theŽ¡‘ïÁ\setcoordinatesystem–ˆµcommand“on“page“3.)‘,(2)“He“should“ha•¾9v“e–ˆleft“a“space“afterŽ¡‘ï`Áunitsµ'.‘Ÿö(3)–A+He“should“ha•¾9v“e›A+t“ypAÇed˜`Á1in,2inµ'˜instead˜of˜`Á1inch,2inchesµ'.‘Ÿö(P“age˜57Ž¡‘ïof–¾ ¿The“T‘þuAŸïÿEŽ‘˜ŸXb•AÇo“okŽ‘*{‘µlists“the“only“w•¾9a“ys–¾ dimensions“can“bAÇe“written).‘ÿ_(4)“He“should“ha•¾9v“eŽ¡‘ït¾9ypAÇed–T`Á3‘¹–-2µ'“instead“of“`Á(3,-2)µ'.Ž©vS‘ódOÀ4.Ž‘Á\put–¹–{$\bullet$}“at“1“2Ž¡‘\put–¹–{$(1,2)$}“[l]“<10pt,0pt>“at“1“2Ž¦‘ódOÀ5.Ž‘Á\put–¹–{\ninepoint$\bullet$}“at“1“2Ž¡‘\put–¹–{\ninepoint“$(1,2)$}“[l]“<10pt,0pt>“at“1“2Ž¡‘ïµor‘T(bAÇetter)Ž¡‘Á\ninepointŽ¡‘\put–¹–{$\bullet$}“at“1“2Ž¡‘\put–¹–{$(1,2)$}“[l]“<10pt,0pt>“at“1“2Ž¦‘ódOÀ6.Ž‘µThe–Tauthor“usedŽ¦‘Á\setcoordinatesystem–¹–units“<1pt,1pt>Ž¡‘\put–¹–{\vrule“height“.4pt“width“300pt}“[l]“at“0“0Ž¡‘\multiput–¹–{\vrule“height“18pt}“[t]“at› s,0“0˜*3“100“0˜/Ž¡‘\multiput–¹–{\vrule“height“14pt}“[t]“at› s,0“0˜*6˜50“0˜/Ž¡‘\multiput–¹–{\vrule“height“10pt}“[t]“at› s,0“0˜*30“10“0˜/Ž¡‘\multiput–¹–{\vrule“height› s,6pt}“[t]“at˜5“0˜*29“10“0˜/Ž¡‘\put–¹–{0“pt}›,Â[t]“at˜0“-24˜\put“{100“pt}“[t]“at“100“-24Ž¡‘\put–¹–{200“pt}“[t]“at“200“-24‘,Â\put“{300“pt}“[t]“at“300“-24ŽŸ즑ódOÀ7.Ž‘µY‘ÿ:«ou–Tget:‘8q°ž@·Žž@‘øµ(3¶;‘Šªµ2)ŽŽ‘,µBž@·!ŽŸ@‘F ’µstac¾9kingŽŽŸ Å—‘`ÃjisŽŽŸßÿ‘^µ2asŽŽŸ@‘M;ssimpleŽŽŸ æe‘Gtãas“ABCŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŸ3N‘ódOÀ8.Ž‘µY‘ÿ:«ou–Tget:‘8q°ž@·Žž@‘øµ(3¶;‘Šªµ2)ŽŽ‘,µBž@·!ŽŸ@‘IòLµRo¾9ws“of“linesŽŽ¡‘F ’are“easy“to“putŽŽ¡‘GJ in¾9to“a“PiCtureŽŽŽŽŽŽŽŸ'vS‘ódOÀ9.Ž‘µ(a)–®mNo.‘ú#In“the“ rst“case“the“wš¾9ord“`lines'“sits“just“abAÇo˜v˜e“the“pAÇoin˜t“(3¶;‘Šªµ2),‘ÃwhereasŽ¡‘ïin–Tthe“second“case“the“wš¾9ord“`Tw˜o'“sits“just“abAÇo˜v˜e“this“pAÇoin˜t.‘p(b)“Y‘ÿ:«es.ŽŽŒ‹ÿÿÿûYŸû«Ÿè€‘ï„€ ’8„€ ŽŸ ‘ÅèÚ«(page‘±Èv)Ž‘ï„ €’O„ €ŽŽ  ýîŸ%‡W‘ï²CONTENTSŽŸœˆ‘dzP°REF‘ÿ8AÃŽCE‘»“‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘ªÃiiiŽŸ‚r‘Ç®SECTIONŽŸaÖ‘õÿþ³1Ž‘úÿÿ.‘ I°NTRÃŽODUCTION‘Mñ‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘1Ž¤ ‘Ç1.1.‘ P‘þú䟸ã°IŽ‘gZC‘ÿ£T‘þ•AŸ¸ãEŽ‘MX‘ÕXCOMMANDS‘ YÝ‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘1Ž¡‘Ç1.2.‘ C°OORDINA‘ÿJªTE‘ÕXSYSTEMS‘ge‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘2ŽŸA:‘õÿþ2Ž‘úÿÿ.‘ P°UTTING–ÕXTEXT“INTO“A“P‘þÚ@Ÿ¸ãIŽ‘gZCTURE‘ ‚d‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘4Ž¡‘Ç2.1.‘ S°INGLE‘ÕXPUTS‘ n‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘4Ž¡‘Ç2.2.‘ M°UL‘ÿJªTIPLE‘ÕXPUTS‘ žý‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘6Ž¡‘Ç2.3.‘ S°T‘ÿJªAšÃŽCKS–ÕXOF“LETTERS“AND“R˜O˜WS“OF“LINES‘XÔ‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘8ŽŸA:‘õÿþ3Ž‘úÿÿ.‘ G°RAPH‘ÕXSETUP‘ü3‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘9Ž¡‘Ç3.1.‘ E°ST‘ÿJªABLISHING–ÕXA“PLOT“AREA‘Ké‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘10Ž¡‘Ç3.2.‘ D°RA‘ÿ8WING‘ÕXAXES‘ ud‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘10Ž¡‘Ç3.3.‘ H°EADINGS–ÕXAND“GRIDS‘¡‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘14Ž¡‘Ç3.4.‘ M°ODIFYING–ÕXTHE“DEF‘ÿ8AšÃŽUL‘ÿJªTS“F˜OR“GRAPH“SETUP‘¦ø‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘15ŽŸA:‘õÿþ4Ž‘úÿÿ.‘ R°ULES–ÕXAND“OBJECTS“MADE“FRÃŽOM“THEM‘ 1‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘17Ž¡‘Ç4.1.‘ R°ULES‘ •‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘17Ž¡‘Ç4.2.‘ R°ECT‘ÿJªANGLES‘ ½ø‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘18Ž¡‘Ç4.3.‘ H°ISTOGRAMS‘ ÖÛ‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘19Ž¡‘Ç4.4.‘ B°AR‘ÕXGRAPHS‘ øý‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘21Ž¡‘Ç4.5.‘ P‘þú䟸ã°IŽ‘gZC‘ÿ£T‘þ•AŸ¸ãEŽ‘MX'S–ÕXINTERPOLA‘ÿJªTION“MODES‘,‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘22ŽŸA:‘õÿþ5Ž‘úÿÿ.‘ L°INES–ÕXAND“CUR‘ÿ8VES‘ wÖ‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘23Ž¡‘Ç5.1.‘ P°IECEWISE–ÕXLINEAR“AND“QUADRA›ÿJªTIC“INTERPOLA˜TION‘ 䳑œq³.Ž‘ ÿÿ‘œq.Ž‘23Ž¡‘Ç5.2.‘ S°PECIFYING–ÕXTHE“PLOT“SYMBOL‘ èK‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘25Ž¡‘Ç5.3.‘ C°IRÃŽCLES–ÕXAND“ELLIPSES‘í‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘26Ž¡‘Ç5.4.‘ A°RR•ÃŽO“WS‘Q‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘27Ž¡‘Ç5.5.‘ T°HE–ÕXRÃŽOLE“OF“PLOT“AREAS‘ Ñœq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘28Ž¡‘Ç5.6.‘ R°EPLOTTING–ÕXLINES“AND“CUR‘ÿ8VES‘Íù‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘29Ž¡‘Ç5.7.‘ T°HE–ÕXCUR›ÿ8VE“DRA˜WING“ALGORITHM‘ J‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘31ŽŸA:‘õÿþ6Ž‘úÿÿ.‘ D°OTS–ÕXAND“DÃŽASHES‘ „‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘34Ž¡‘Ç6.1.‘ S°IMPLE–ÕXDOT“AND“DÃŽASH“P–ÿJªA“TTERNS‘Âë‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘34Ž¡‘Ç6.2.‘ G°ENERAL–ÕXDÃŽASH“P–ÿJªA“TTERNS‘ tבœq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘36Ž¡‘Ç6.3.‘ T°AILORING–ÕXA“P–ÿJªA“TTERN–ÕXTO“THE“LENGTH“OF“A“CUR‘ÿ8VE'‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘37ŽŸA:‘õÿþ7Ž‘úÿÿ.‘ S°HADING‘Y‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘38Ž¡‘Ç7.1.‘ S°PECIFYING–ÕXTHE“SHADING“SYMBOL‘´¬‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘38Ž¡‘Ç7.2.‘ S°PECIFYING–ÕXTHE“SHADING“LA‘ÿJªTTICE‘J‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘39Ž¡‘Ç7.3.‘ S°HADING:–ÕXVER‘ÿJªTICAL“MODE‘ dÓ‘œq³.Ž– ÿÿ‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž“‘œq.Ž‘40ŽŽŒøc⃒À;è—«?ó cmr10ó cmr9ócmr8ócmr7ócmr6ó cmr5ó cmmi10ó cmmi9ócmmi7ó cmsy9ócmsy8ó cmex10ó cmbx10ó cmbx9ó cmtt10ó cmtt9ó cmsl10ó cmsl9ócmsl8ó cmti10ó cmsl10ó cmr10ó½p cmr10ù{"ßßßßßß